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19c 作为 Oracle Database 12c 的最终稳定版版，出来也有一些时间了，经过一年多的认真学习及实验，由于内容的快速迭代，从18c开始，将《Database Administrator’s Guide》 分为了两部分，分别为《Database Administrator’s Guide》和《Multitenant Administrator's Guide》两本手册。出于分享和探讨的目的，特开启这两部手册的翻译，一起分享，共同进步，希望对各位同行有所帮助。 原文档信息如下： https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/multi/index.html Oracle® Multitenant\Administrator’s Guide \19c \E96136-05\December 2019

Part I Multitenant Architecture
1 Introduction to the Multitenant Architecture
1.1 About the Multitenant Architecture 1-1
1.1.1 About Containers in a CDB 1-1
1.1.2 About User Interfaces for the Multitenant Architecture 1-4
1.2 Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture 1-5
1.2.1 Challenges for a Non-CDB Architecture 1-5
1.2.2 Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture for Database Consolidation 1-7
1.2.3 Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture for Manageability 1-9
1.3 Path to Database Consolidation 1-10
1.3.1 Creation of a CDB 1-11
1.3.2 Creation of a PDB 1-12
1.3.2.1 Creation of a PDB by Cloning 1-12
1.3.2.2 Creation of a PDB by Plugging In 1-16
1.3.2.3 Creation of a PDB by Relocating 1-19
1.3.2.4 Creation of a PDB as a Proxy PDB 1-21
1.4 Multitenant Environment Documentation Roadmap 1-23
iii
2 Overview of the Multitenant Architecture
2.1 Overview of Containers in a CDB 2-1
2.1.1 The CDB Root and System Container 2-1
2.1.2 PDBs 2-2
2.1.2.1 Types of PDBs 2-2
2.1.2.2 Purpose of PDBs 2-3
2.1.2.3 Proxy PDBs 2-4
2.1.2.4 Names for PDBs 2-5
2.1.2.5 Database Links Between PDBs 2-6
2.1.3 Data Dictionary Architecture in a CDB 2-7
2.1.3.1 Purpose of Data Dictionary Separation 2-7
2.1.3.2 Metadata and Data Links 2-9
2.1.3.3 Container Data Objects in a CDB 2-10
2.1.3.4 Data Dictionary Storage in a CDB 2-12
2.1.4 Current Container 2-12
2.1.5 Cross-Container Operations 2-13
2.2 Overview of Commonality in the CDB 2-14
2.2.1 About Commonality in a CDB 2-14
2.2.1.1 Principles of Commonality 2-14
2.2.1.2 Namespaces in a CDB 2-14
2.2.2 Overview of Common and Local Users in a CDB 2-15
2.2.2.1 Common Users in a CDB 2-16
2.2.2.2 Local Users in a CDB 2-18
2.2.3 Overview of Common and Local Roles in a CDB 2-20
2.2.3.1 Common Roles in a CDB 2-20
2.2.3.2 Local Roles in a CDB 2-21
2.2.4 Overview of Privilege and Role Grants in a CDB 2-21
2.2.4.1 Principles of Privilege and Role Grants in a CDB 2-22
2.2.4.2 Privileges and Roles Granted Locally in a CDB 2-22
2.2.4.3 Roles and Privileges Granted Commonly in a CDB 2-24
2.2.4.4 Grants to PUBLIC in a CDB 2-26
2.2.4.5 Grants of Privileges and Roles: Scenario 2-26
2.2.5 Overview of Common and Local Objects in a CDB 2-29
2.2.6 Overview of Common Audit Configurations 2-30
2.2.7 Overview of PDB Lockdown Profiles 2-31
2.3 Overview of Applications in an Application Container 2-33
2.3.1 About Application Containers 2-33
2.3.1.1 Purpose of Application Containers 2-34
2.3.1.2 Application Root 2-37
2.3.1.3 Application PDBs 2-38
iv
2.3.1.4 Application Seed 2-38
2.3.2 Application Common Objects 2-39
2.3.2.1 Creation of Application Common Objects 2-39
2.3.2.2 Metadata-Linked Application Common Objects 2-40
2.3.2.3 Data-Linked Application Common Objects 2-42
2.3.2.4 Extended Data-Linked Application Objects 2-43
2.3.3 Application Maintenance 2-44
2.3.3.1 About Application Maintenance 2-45
2.3.3.2 Application Installation 2-45
2.3.3.3 Application Upgrade 2-46
2.3.3.4 Application Patch 2-50
2.3.4 Migration of an Existing Application 2-51
2.3.5 Implicitly Created Applications 2-52
2.3.6 Application Synchronization 2-52
2.3.6.1 Synchronization of a Single Application 2-52
2.3.6.2 Synchronization of Multiple Applications 2-53
2.3.7 Container Maps 2-53
2.4 Overview of Services in a CDB 2-56
2.4.1 Service Creation in a CDB 2-57
2.4.1.1 Default Services in a CDB 2-57
2.4.1.2 Nondefault Services in a CDB 2-58
2.4.2 Connections to Containers in a CDB 2-58
2.5 Overview of Tablespaces and Database Files in a CDB 2-60
2.6 Overview of Availability in a CDB 2-62
2.6.1 Overview of Backup and Recovery in a CDB 2-62
2.6.2 Overview of Flashback PDB in a CDB 2-63
2.7 Overview of Oracle Resource Manager in a CDB 2-63
Part II Creating and Configuring a Multitenant Environment
3 Overview of Configuring and Managing a Multitenant Environment
3.1 About Configuring and Managing a Multitenant Environment 3-1
3.1.1 Common Users and Local Users 3-1
3.1.2 Separation of Duties in CDB and PDB Administration 3-2
3.2 Prerequisites for a Multitenant Environment 3-2
3.3 Tasks and Tools for a Multitenant Environment 3-3
3.3.1 Tasks for a Multitenant Environment 3-3
3.3.2 Tools for a Multitenant Environment 3-6
v
4 Creating and Configuring a CDB
4.1 About Creating a CDB 4-1
4.2 Planning for CDB Creation 4-1
4.2.1 Decide How to Configure the CDB 4-2
4.2.1.1 Plan the PDBs 4-2
4.2.1.2 Plan the Physical Layout 4-2
4.2.1.3 Learn How to Manage Initialization Parameters 4-3
4.2.1.4 Select the Character Set 4-4
4.2.1.5 Decide Which Time Zones to Support 4-5
4.2.1.6 Select the Database and Redo Log Block Sizes 4-5
4.2.1.7 Plan the SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces 4-5
4.2.1.8 Plan the Temporary Tablespaces 4-6
4.2.1.9 Choose the Undo Mode 4-6
4.2.1.10 Plan the Services for Your Application 4-7
4.2.1.11 Learn How to Start Up and Shut Down a CDB 4-7
4.2.1.12 Plan for Oracle RAC 4-8
4.2.2 Prerequisites for CDB Creation 4-8
4.3 Creating a CDB 4-9
4.3.1 About CDB Creation with DBCA 4-9
4.3.2 About CDB Creation with SQL Statements 4-10
4.3.2.1 About Enabling PDBs 4-10
4.3.2.2 About the Names and Locations of the Files for Root and the PDB
Seed 4-11
4.3.2.3 About the Attributes of the Data Files for PDB$SEED 4-12
4.3.2.4 About the CDB Undo Mode 4-14
4.3.3 Creating a CDB with the CREATE DATABASE Statement 4-14
4.3.4 Creating a CDB with the CREATE DATABASE Statement: Examples 4-16
4.3.4.1 Creating a CDB Without Using Oracle Managed Files 4-16
4.3.4.2 Creating a CDB Using Oracle Managed Files: Example 4-20
4.4 Configuring EM Express for a CDB 4-22
4.5 After Creating a CDB 4-23
Part III Creating and Removing PDBs and Application Containers
5 Overview of PDB Creation
5.1 Techniques for Creating a PDB 5-1
5.1.1 Current Container and PDB Creation 5-3
5.1.2 Options for Creating a PDB from a Non-CDB 5-3
5.2 PDB Storage 5-4
vi
5.2.1 Storage Limits 5-4
5.2.2 Default Tablespace 5-5
5.2.3 User Tablespaces 5-6
5.2.4 PDB File Locations 5-7
5.2.4.1 FILE_NAME_CONVERT Clause 5-9
5.2.4.2 CREATE_FILE_DEST Clause 5-10
5.2.4.3 Restrictions on PDB File Locations 5-11
5.3 Service Name Conversion 5-12
5.4 Summary of Clauses for Creating a PDB 5-13
5.5 General Prerequisites for PDB Creation 5-20
6 Creating a PDB from Scratch
6.1 About Creating a PDB from Scratch 6-1
6.2 Creating a PDB 6-3
6.3 Creating a PDB: Examples 6-4
6.3.1 Creating a PDB Using No Clauses: Example 6-4
6.3.2 Creating a PDB and Granting Predefined Oracle Roles to the PDB
Administrator: Example 6-5
6.3.3 Creating a PDB Using Multiple Clauses: Example 6-6
7 Cloning a PDB or Non-CDB
7.1 About Cloning a PDB or Non-CDB 7-1
7.1.1 How Cloning Works 7-1
7.1.2 User Interface for PDB Cloning 7-3
7.2 Cloning a Local PDB 7-3
7.2.1 About Cloning a Local PDB 7-3
7.2.2 Cloning a Local PDB: Basic Steps 7-4
7.2.3 After Cloning a Local PDB 7-6
7.2.4 Cloning a Local PDB: Examples 7-6
7.2.4.1 Cloning a Local PDB Using No Clauses: Example 7-7
7.2.4.2 Cloning a Local PDB Using DBCA: Example 7-7
7.2.4.3 Cloning a Local PDB with the PATH_PREFIX Clause: Example 7-8
7.2.4.4 Cloning a Local PDB Using the STORAGE Clause: Example 7-9
7.2.4.5 Cloning a Local PDB with the NO DATA Clause: Example 7-9
7.3 Cloning a Remote PDB 7-10
7.3.1 About Cloning a Remote PDB 7-10
7.3.2 Cloning a Remote PDB: Basic Steps 7-12
7.3.3 After Cloning a Remote PDB 7-14
7.3.4 Cloning a Remote PDB: Examples 7-15
7.3.4.1 Cloning a Remote PDB Using No Clauses: Example 7-15
vii
7.3.4.2 Cloning a Remote PDB Using DBCA: Example 7-16
7.4 Cloning a Non-CDB 7-17
7.4.1 About Cloning a Non-CDB 7-17
7.4.2 Cloning a Non-CDB: Basic Steps 7-18
7.4.3 Cloning a Remote Non-CDB: Example 7-21
7.5 About Refreshable Clone PDBs 7-22
7.5.1 Purpose of Refreshable Clone PDBs 7-22
7.5.2 Automatic and Manual Refresh Modes 7-23
7.5.3 Requirements for Refreshable Clone PDBs 7-24
7.5.4 Creating a Refreshable Clone PDB: Scenario 7-24
7.6 Cloning PDBs from PDB Snapshots 7-25
7.6.1 About Cloning PDBs from PDB Snapshots 7-25
7.6.2 Cloning a PDB from a PDB Snapshot: Scenario 7-25
7.7 Creating Snapshot Copy PDBs 7-26
7.7.1 About Snapshot Copy PDBs 7-26
7.7.1.1 Storage Requirements for Snapshot Copy PDBs 7-27
7.7.1.2 Types of Snapshots 7-28
7.7.2 Creating a Snapshot Copy PDB: Scenario 7-30
7.7.3 Materializing a Snapshot Copy PDB 7-31
7.8 Creating a Split Mirror Clone PDB 7-31
8 Relocating a PDB
8.1 About PDB Relocation 8-1
8.2 Purpose of PDB Relocation 8-4
8.3 How PDB Relocation Works 8-4
8.3.1 Server Session Draining When Relocating or Stopping PDBs 8-4
8.3.2 Stages of PDB Relocation 8-5
8.3.2.1 PDB Relocation in a Common Listener Network 8-6
8.3.2.2 PDB Relocation in Isolated Listener Networks 8-7
8.4 User Interface for PDB Relocation 8-9
8.5 Relocating a PDB Using CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE 8-10
8.6 Relocating a PDB: Examples 8-13
8.6.1 Relocating a PDB from a Remote CDB 8-13
8.6.2 Relocating a PDB Using DBCA: Example 8-14
9 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB
9.1 About Plugging In an Unplugged PDB 9-1
9.1.1 About the XML File and Archive File 9-1
9.1.2 Source File Locations When Plugging In an Unplugged PDB 9-4
viii
9.1.2.1 SOURCE_FILE_NAME_CONVERT Clause 9-4
9.1.2.2 SOURCE_FILE_DIRECTORY Clause 9-5
9.2 About Adopting a Non-CDB as a PDB 9-6
9.3 Plugging In an Unplugged PDB 9-8
9.4 Adopting a Non-CDB as a PDB 9-11
9.5 After Plugging in an Unplugged PDB 9-14
9.6 Plugging in an Unplugged PDB: Examples 9-15
10
Creating a PDB as a Proxy PDB
10.1 About Creating a Proxy PDB 10-1
10.1.1 Proxy PDBs and SQL Statements 10-4
10.1.2 Proxy PDBs and Database Links 10-4
10.1.3 Proxy PDBs and Authentication 10-5
10.1.4 Proxy PDBs and the Listener 10-5
10.1.4.1 HOST Clause 10-5
10.1.4.2 PORT Clause 10-5
10.2 Creating a Proxy PDB 10-6
11
Removing a PDB
11.1 Unplugging a PDB from a CDB 11-1
11.1.1 About Unplugging a PDB 11-1
11.1.2 Unplugging a PDB 11-4
11.2 Dropping a PDB 11-5
12
Creating and Removing Application Containers and Seeds
12.1 Creating and Removing Application Containers 12-1
12.1.1 Creating Application Containers 12-1
12.1.1.1 About Creating an Application Container 12-1
12.1.1.2 Preparing for Application Containers 12-2
12.1.1.3 Creating an Application Container 12-3
12.1.2 Unplugging an Application Container from a CDB 12-6
12.1.2.1 About Unplugging an Application Container 12-6
12.1.2.2 Unplugging an Application Container 12-7
12.1.3 Dropping an Application Container 12-8
12.2 Creating and Removing Application Seeds 12-10
12.2.1 Creating Application Seeds 12-10
12.2.1.1 About Creating an Application Seed 12-10
12.2.1.2 Preparing for an Application Seed 12-11
12.2.1.3 Creating an Application Seed 12-11
ix
12.2.2 Unplugging an Application Seed from an Application Container 12-15
12.2.2.1 About Unplugging an Application Seed 12-15
12.2.2.2 Unplugging an Application Seed 12-16
12.2.3 Dropping an Application Seed 12-17
12.3 Creating an Application PDB 12-18
Part IV Administering a Multitenant Environment
13
Administering a CDB
13.1 About CDB Administration 13-1
13.1.1 About the Current Container 13-1
13.1.2 About Administrative Tasks in a CDB 13-2
13.1.3 About Using Manageability Features in a CDB 13-6
13.1.4 About Managing Tablespaces in a CDB 13-12
13.1.4.1 About Managing Permanent Tablespaces in a CDB 13-12
13.1.4.2 About Managing Temporary Tablespaces in a CDB 13-12
13.1.5 About Managing Database Objects in a CDB 13-13
13.1.6 About Flashing Back a PDB 13-14
13.1.7 About Restricting PDB Users for Enhanced Security 13-14
13.1.7.1 PDB Lockdown Profiles 13-14
13.1.7.2 The PDB_OS_CREDENTIAL Initialization Parameter 13-15
13.1.7.3 The PATH_PREFIX and CREATE_FILE_DEST PDB Creation
Clauses 13-16
13.1.8 Overview of Oracle Multitenant with Oracle RAC 13-17
13.2 Accessing Containers in a CDB 13-17
13.2.1 About Container Access in a CDB 13-17
13.2.1.1 Services in a CDB 13-18
13.2.1.2 Session Limits in a CDB 13-19
13.2.1.3 User Names in a Multitenant Environment 13-19
13.2.1.4 How the Multitenant Option Affects Password Files for
Administrative Users 13-19
13.2.2 Accessing a Container in a CDB 13-20
13.2.2.1 Connecting to a Container Using the SQL*Plus CONNECT
Command 13-20
13.2.2.2 Switching to a Container Using the ALTER SESSION Statement 13-22
13.3 Modifying a CDB at the System Level 13-26
13.3.1 About System-Level Modifications of a CDB 13-26
13.3.2 Modifying a CDB with ALTER SYSTEM 13-27
13.4 Modifying Containers When Connected to the CDB Root 13-28
13.4.1 About Container Modification When Connected to CDB Root 13-28
x
13.4.2 Modifying an Entire CDB Using ALTER DATABASE 13-29
13.4.3 Setting the Undo Mode in a CDB Using ALTER DATABASE 13-30
13.4.3.1 About the CDB Undo Mode 13-30
13.4.3.2 Configuring a CDB to Use Local Undo Mode 13-32
13.4.3.3 Configuring a CDB to Use Shared Undo Mode 13-33
13.4.4 Modifying the CDB Root Using ALTER DATABASE 13-34
13.4.5 Modifying the Open Mode of PDBs 13-35
13.4.5.1 About the Open Mode of a PDB 13-35
13.4.5.2 Modifying the Open Mode of PDBs with ALTER PLUGGABLE
DATABASE 13-38
13.4.5.3 Modifying the Open Mode of PDBs with the SQL*Plus STARTUP
Command 13-40
13.4.5.4 Preserving or Discarding the Open Mode of PDBs When the
CDB Restarts 13-41
13.4.5.5 Starting and Stopping PDBs in Oracle RAC 13-43
13.5 Executing SQL in a Different Container 13-44
13.5.1 Issuing DML Statements on a Container in a CDB 13-44
13.5.1.1 About Issuing DML Statements on a Container in a CDB 13-45
13.5.1.2 Specifying the Default Container for DML Statements in a CDB 13-45
13.5.2 Executing DDL Statements in a CDB 13-46
13.5.2.1 About Executing DDL Statements in a CDB 13-46
13.5.2.2 Executing a DDL Statement in the Current Container 13-48
13.5.2.3 Executing a DDL Statement in All Containers in a CDB 13-49
13.5.3 Running Oracle-Supplied SQL Scripts in a CDB 13-49
13.5.3.1 About Running Oracle-Supplied SQL Scripts in a CDB 13-49
13.5.3.2 Syntax and Parameters for catcon.pl 13-50
13.5.3.3 Running the catcon.pl Script 13-53
13.5.4 Executing Code in Containers Using the DBMS_SQL Package 13-56
13.6 Shutting Down a CDB Instance 13-57
14
Administering a CDB Fleet
14.1 About CDB Fleets 14-1
14.2 Purpose of a CDB Fleet 14-2
14.3 Setting the Lead CDB in a CDB Fleet 14-3
14.4 Designating a CDB Fleet Member 14-4
15
Administering PDBs
15.1 About PDB Administration 15-1
15.1.1 Tasks Common to PDBs and Non-CDBs 15-1
15.1.2 Tasks Specific to CDBs 15-2
xi
15.2 Managing Connections to a PDB 15-3
15.2.1 Connecting to a PDB 15-3
15.2.2 Managing Services for PDBs 15-4
15.2.2.1 About Services for PDBs 15-4
15.2.2.2 Managing Services for a PDB Using SRVCTL and
DBMS_SERVICE 15-7
15.2.3 Modifying the Listener Settings of a Referenced PDB 15-9
15.2.3.1 Altering the Listener Host Name of a Referenced PDB 15-10
15.2.3.2 Altering the Listener Port Number of a Referenced PDB 15-11
15.3 Modifying a PDB at the System Level 15-12
15.3.1 About System-Level Modifications of a PDB 15-12
15.3.2 Modifying a PDB with ALTER SYSTEM 15-13
15.4 Modifying a PDB at the Database Level 15-14
15.4.1 About Database-Level Modifications of a PDB 15-14
15.4.1.1 Storage Clauses 15-15
15.4.1.2 Logging and Recovery Clauses 15-16
15.4.1.3 Miscellaneous Clauses 15-18
15.4.2 Modifying a PDB with the ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
Statement 15-19
15.4.3 Changing the Global Database Name of a PDB 15-22
15.4.4 Managing Refreshable Clone PDBs 15-23
15.4.4.1 Refreshing a PDB 15-23
15.4.4.2 Switching Over a Refreshable Clone PDB 15-23
15.5 Altering the Open Mode of a PDB Using STARTUP and SHUTDOWN 15-27
15.5.1 Starting Up a PDB Using the STARTUP Command 15-28
15.5.2 Shutting Down a PDB Using the SHUTDOWN Command 15-29
16
Administering a PDB Snapshot Carousel
16.1 About PDB Snapshot Carousel 16-1
16.1.1 Purpose of PDB Snapshot Carousel 16-1
16.1.2 How PDB Snapshot Carousel Works 16-4
16.1.2.1 Contents of a PDB Snapshot 16-4
16.1.2.2 Contents of a PDB Snapshot Carousel 16-7
16.1.3 User Interface for PDB Snapshot Carousel 16-8
16.2 Setting the Maximum Number of Snapshots in a PDB Snapshot Carousel 16-9
16.3 Configuring Automatic PDB Snapshots 16-11
16.4 Creating PDB Snapshots Manually 16-12
16.5 Dropping a PDB Snapshot 16-14
16.6 Viewing Metadata for PDB Snapshots 16-14
xii
17
Administering Application Containers
17.1 About Application Container Administration 17-1
17.2 About Modifying an Application Root 17-4
17.3 Managing Applications in an Application Container 17-5
17.3.1 About Application Management 17-6
17.3.1.1 Basic Steps of Application Maintenance 17-6
17.3.1.2 Application Versions 17-7
17.3.1.3 Application Module Names 17-7
17.3.2 Installing Applications in an Application Container 17-8
17.3.2.1 About Installing Applications in an Application Container 17-8
17.3.2.2 Installing an Application in an Application Container with
Automated Propagation 17-9
17.3.3 Upgrading Applications in an Application Container 17-10
17.3.3.1 About Upgrading Applications in an Application Container 17-10
17.3.3.2 Upgrading an Application in an Application Container 17-13
17.3.4 Patching Applications in an Application Container 17-14
17.3.4.1 About Patching Applications in an Application Container 17-14
17.3.4.2 Patching an Application in an Application Container with
Automated Propagation 17-15
17.3.5 Migrating an Existing Application to an Application Container 17-16
17.3.5.1 About Migrating an Existing Application to an Application
Container 17-16
17.3.5.2 Creating an Application Root Using an Existing PDB 17-18
17.3.5.3 Creating an Application PDB Using an Existing PDB 17-19
17.3.6 Synchronizing Applications in an Application PDB 17-19
17.3.7 Synchronizing an Application Root Replica with a Proxy PDB 17-21
17.3.7.1 About Synchronizing an Application Root Replica with a Proxy
PDB 17-21
17.3.7.2 Creating a Proxy PDB That References an Application Root
Replica 17-23
17.3.8 Setting the Compatibility Version of an Application 17-29
17.3.9 Performing Bulk Inserts During Application Install, Upgrade, and Patch
Operations 17-30
17.3.10 Uninstalling Applications from an Application Container 17-32
17.3.10.1 About Uninstalling Applications from an Application Container 17-32
17.3.10.2 Uninstalling an Application from an Application Container 17-33
17.4 Managing Application Common Objects 17-34
17.4.1 About Application Common Objects 17-34
17.4.1.1 Creation of Application Common Objects 17-35
17.4.1.2 About Metadata-Linked Application Common Objects 17-36
17.4.1.3 About Extended Data-Linked Application Common Objects 17-36
17.4.1.4 About Extended Data-Linked Application Common Objects 17-37
xiii
17.4.2 Restrictions for Application Common Objects 17-38
17.4.3 Creating Application Common Objects 17-38
17.4.4 Issuing DML Statements on Application Common Objects 17-41
17.4.4.1 Issuing DML on Metadata-Linked Common Objects 17-42
17.4.4.2 Issuing DML on Data-Linked Common Objects 17-43
17.4.5 Modifying Application Common Objects with DDL Statements 17-45
17.5 Issuing DML Statements on Containers in an Application Container 17-46
17.5.1 About Issuing DML Statements on Containers in an Application
Container 17-46
17.5.2 Specifying the Default Container for DML Statements in an Application
Container 17-48
17.6 Partitioning by PDB with Container Maps 17-48
17.6.1 About Container Maps 17-48
17.6.1.1 Map Objects 17-49
17.6.1.2 List-Partitioned Container Map: Example 17-49
17.6.1.3 Range-Partitioned Container Map: Example 17-51
17.6.2 Creating a Container Map 17-52
18
Managing Security for a Multitenant Environment
18.1 Managing Commonly and Locally Granted Privileges 18-1
18.1.1 How the Oracle Multitenant Option Affects Privileges 18-1
18.1.2 About Commonly and Locally Granted Privileges 18-2
18.1.3 How Commonly Granted System Privileges Work 18-2
18.1.4 How Commonly Granted Object Privileges Work 18-3
18.1.5 Granting or Revoking Privileges to Access a PDB 18-4
18.1.6 Example: Granting a Privilege in a Multitenant Environment 18-4
18.1.7 Enabling Common Users to View CONTAINER_DATA Object
Information 18-4
18.1.7.1 Viewing Data About the Root, CDB, and PDBs While Connected
to the Root 18-5
18.1.7.2 Enabling Common Users to Query Data in Specific PDBs 18-6
18.2 Managing Common Roles and Local Roles 18-6
18.2.1 About Common Roles and Local Roles 18-7
18.2.2 How Common Roles Work 18-7
18.2.3 How the PUBLIC Role Works in a Multitenant Environment 18-7
18.2.4 Privileges Required to Create, Modify, or Drop a Common Role 18-8
18.2.5 Rules for Creating Common Roles 18-8
18.2.6 Creating a Common Role 18-8
18.2.7 Rules for Creating Local Roles 18-9
18.2.8 Creating a Local Role 18-9
18.2.9 Role Grants and Revokes for Common Users and Local Users 18-10
xiv
18.3 Restricting Operations on PDBs Using PDB Lockdown Profiles 18-10
18.3.1 About PDB Lockdown Profiles 18-10
18.3.2 Default PDB Lockdown Profiles 18-12
18.3.3 Creating a PDB Lockdown Profile 18-12
18.3.4 Enabling or Disabling a PDB Lockdown Profile 18-14
18.3.5 Dropping a PDB Lockdown Profile 18-15
18.4 Configuring Operating System Users for a PDB 18-16
18.4.1 About Configuring Operating System Users for a PDB 18-16
18.4.2 Configuring an Operating System User for a PDB 18-17
18.4.3 Setting the Default Credential in a PDB 18-18
18.5 Using Application Contexts in a Multitenant Environment 18-18
18.5.1 What Is an Application Context? 18-19
18.5.2 Application Contexts in a Multitenant Environment 18-19
18.6 Using Oracle Virtual Private Database in a Multitenant Environment 18-20
18.6.1 What Is Oracle Virtual Private Database? 18-20
18.6.2 Oracle Virtual Private Database in a Multitenant Environment 18-21
18.7 Using Transport Layer Security in a Multitenant Environment 18-22
18.8 Oracle Data Redaction in a Multitenant Environment 18-23
18.9 Overview of Auditing in a Multitenant Environment 18-23
18.9.1 Unified Auditing in a Multitenant Environment 18-24
18.9.2 Example: Auditing the DBA Role in a Multitenant Environment 18-24
18.9.3 Unified Audit Policies or AUDIT Settings in a Multitenant Environment 18-24
18.9.3.1 About Local, CDB Common, and Application Common Audit
Policies 18-25
18.9.3.2 Traditional Auditing in a Multitenant Environment 18-26
18.9.3.3 Configuring a Local Unified Audit Policy or Common Unified
Audit Policy 18-27
18.9.3.4 Example: Local Unified Audit Policy 18-29
18.9.3.5 Example: CDB Common Unified Audit Policy 18-29
18.9.3.6 Example: Application Common Unified Audit Policy 18-29
18.9.3.7 How Local or Common Audit Policies or Settings Appear in the
Audit Trail 18-30
18.9.4 Fine-Grained Auditing in a Multitenant Environment 18-31
19
Monitoring CDBs and PDBs
19.1 About CDB and Container Information in Views 19-1
19.1.1 About Viewing Information When the Current Container Is Not the CDB
Root 19-1
19.1.2 About Viewing Information When the Current Container Is the CDB
Root 19-2
19.1.3 Views for a CDB 19-3
19.2 Determining Whether a Database Is a CDB 19-6
xv
19.3 Viewing Information About the Containers in a CDB 19-7
19.4 Viewing Information About PDBs 19-7
19.5 Viewing the Open Mode of Each PDB 19-8
19.6 Querying Container Data Objects 19-9
19.7 Querying Across Containers with the CONTAINERS Clause 19-13
19.7.1 About Querying Across Containers with the CONTAINERS Clause 19-13
19.7.2 Querying User-Created Tables and Views Across All Containers 19-14
19.7.3 Querying Application Common Objects Across Application PDBs 19-16
19.8 Determining the Current Container ID or Name 19-18
19.9 Listing the Modifiable Initialization Parameters in PDBs 19-19
19.10 Viewing the History of PDBs 19-19
19.11 Viewing Information About Applications in Application Containers 19-20
19.11.1 Viewing Information About Applications 19-21
19.11.2 Viewing Information About Application Status 19-22
19.11.3 Viewing Information About Application Statements 19-23
19.11.4 Viewing Information About Application Versions 19-25
19.11.5 Viewing Information About Application Patches 19-25
19.11.6 Viewing Information About Application Errors 19-26
19.11.7 Listing the Shared Database Objects in an Application Container 19-27
19.11.8 Listing the Extended Data-Linked Objects in an Application Container 19-28
Part V Using Oracle Features in a Multitenant Environment
20
Backing Up and Recovering CDBs and PDBs
20.1 Overview of Backing Up and Recovering CDBs and PDBs 20-1
20.2 Backup and Complete Recovery of CDBs 20-2
20.3 Backup and Complete Recovery of PDBs 20-2
20.4 Point-in-Time Recovery in a Multitenant Environment 20-4
20.5 Flashback Database in a Multitenant Environment 20-5
21
Using Database Utilities in a Multitenant Environment
21.1 Importing and Exporting Data in a CDB 21-1
21.1.1 About Using Data Pump in a Multitenant Environment 21-1
21.1.2 Using Data Pump to Move Data Into a CDB 21-1
21.1.3 Using Data Pump to Move PDBs Within Or Between CDBs 21-4
21.2 Using LogMiner in a CDB 21-4
21.2.1 LogMiner V$ Views and DBA Views in a CDB 21-4
21.2.2 The V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS View in a CDB 21-5
21.2.3 Enabling Supplemental Logging in a CDB 21-6
xvi
21.2.4 Using a Flat File Dictionary in a CDB 21-6
21.3 DBNEWID Considerations for CDBs and PDBs 21-6
22
Using Oracle Resource Manager for PDBs
22.1 Overview of Oracle Resource Manager in a Multitenant Environment 22-1
22.1.1 Purpose of Resource Management in a Multitenant Environment 22-2
22.1.2 Overview of Resource Plan Directives 22-3
22.1.2.1 PDB Performance Profiles 22-3
22.1.2.2 Resource Plan Directives 22-4
22.1.3 Background and Administrative Tasks and Consumer Groups 22-4
22.1.4 Initialization Parameters for PDB-Level Resources 22-5
22.1.4.1 Memory-Related Initialization Parameters for PDBs 22-5
22.1.4.2 I/O-Related Initialization Parameters for PDBs 22-8
22.1.4.3 CPU-Related Initialization Parameters for PDBs 22-10
22.2 Managing CDB Resource Plans 22-10
22.2.1 About CDB Resource Plans 22-10
22.2.1.1 Shares for Allocating Resources to PDBs 22-10
22.2.1.2 Utilization Limits for PDBs 22-11
22.2.1.3 The Default Directive for PDBs 22-14
22.2.2 Creating a CDB Resource Plan for Managing PDBs 22-16
22.2.3 Creating a CDB Resource Plan for Managing PDBs: Scenario 22-16
22.2.4 Creating a CDB Resource Plan with PDB Performance Profiles 22-19
22.2.5 Creating a CDB Resource Plan for PDB Performance Profiles:
Scenario 22-20
22.2.6 Enabling a CDB Resource Plan 22-23
22.2.7 Modifying a CDB Resource Plan 22-24
22.2.7.1 Updating a CDB Resource Plan 22-24
22.2.7.2 Managing CDB Resource Plan Directives for a PDB 22-25
22.2.7.3 Managing CDB Resource Plan Directives for a PDB
Performance Profile 22-28
22.2.7.4 Updating the Default Directive for PDBs in a CDB Resource Plan
22-31
22.2.7.5 Updating the Default Directive for Maintenance Tasks in a CDB
Resource Plan 22-32
22.2.7.6 Deleting a CDB Resource Plan 22-33
22.2.8 Disabling a CDB Resource Plan 22-34
22.2.9 Viewing Information About Plans and Directives in a CDB 22-35
22.2.9.1 Viewing CDB Resource Plans 22-35
22.2.9.2 Viewing CDB Resource Plan Directives 22-36
22.3 Managing PDB Resource Plans 22-37
22.3.1 About PDB Resource Plans 22-37
xvii
22.3.1.1 CDB Resource Plan Requirements When Creating PDB
Resource Plans 22-38
22.3.1.2 PDB Resource Plan: Example 22-39
22.3.2 Creating a PDB Resource Plan 22-39
22.3.3 Enabling a PDB Resource Plan 22-40
22.3.4 Modifying a PDB Resource Plan 22-41
22.3.5 Disabling a PDB Resource Plan 22-42
22.4 Monitoring PDBs Managed by Oracle Database Resource Manager 22-42
22.4.1 About Resource Manager Views for PDBs 22-42
22.4.2 Monitoring CPU Usage for PDBs 22-43
22.4.3 Monitoring Parallel Execution for PDBs 22-45
22.4.4 Monitoring the I/O Generated by PDBs 22-46
22.4.5 Monitoring Memory Usage for PDBs 22-46
23
Using Oracle Scheduler with a CDB
23.1 DBMS_SCHEDULER Invocations in a CDB 23-1
23.2 Job Coordinator and Slave Processes in a CDB 23-2
23.3 DBMS_JOB and DBMS_SCHEDULER 23-2
23.4 Processes to Close a PDB 23-3
23.5 New and Changed CDB Views 23-3
24
Using Oracle Database Vault with a CDB
24.1 About Oracle Database Vault 24-1
24.2 How Oracle Database Vault Works in a Multitenant Environment 24-1
24.3 Verifying That Database Vault Is Configured and Enabled 24-3
24.4 Registering Oracle Database Vault with an Oracle Database in a Multitenant
Environment 24-3
24.4.1 Registering Database Vault in the CDB Root 24-3
24.4.2 Registering Database Vault Common Users to Manage Specific PDBs 24-6
24.4.3 Registering Database Vault Local Users to Manage Specific PDBs 24-8
24.4.4 Plugging in a Database Vault-Enabled PDB 24-10
24.4.5 Manually Installing Oracle Database Vault in a Multitenant
Environment 24-11
24.5 Configuring Realms 24-12
24.5.1 What Are Realms? 24-12
24.5.1.1 About Realms 24-12
24.5.1.2 Realms in a Multitenant Environment 24-13
24.5.2 Realm Authorizations in a Multitenant Environment 24-14
24.6 Rule Sets and Rules in a Multitenant Environment 24-15
24.7 Command Rules in a Multitenant Environment 24-15
xviii
24.8 Oracle Database Vault Policies in a Multitenant Environment 24-16
24.9 Using Database Vault Operations Control to Restrict Multitenant Common
User Access to Local PDB Data 24-16
24.9.1 About Using Database Vault Operations Control 24-16
24.9.2 Enabling Database Vault Operations Control 24-17
24.9.3 Adding Common Users and Packages to an Exception List 24-18
24.9.4 Deleting Common Users and Packages from an Exception List 24-18
24.9.5 Disabling Database Vault Operations Control 24-19
24.10 Converting a Standalone Oracle Database to a PDB and Plugging It into a
CDB 24-19
25
Using XStream with a CDB
25.1 About XStream 25-1
25.2 System-Created Rules and a Multitenant Environment 25-3
25.2.1 System-Created Rules in a CDB and XStream Out 25-3
25.2.2 System-Created Rules in a CDB and XStream In 25-6
25.3 XStream Out and a Multitenant Environment 25-6
25.4 Configuring XStream Out in a CDB 25-8
25.4.1 Configuring XStream Out with Local Capture in a CDB 25-9
25.4.2 Configuring XStream Out with Downstream Capture in CDBs 25-12
25.5 XStream In and a Multitenant Environment 25-16
Glossary
Index
xix

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