SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 1898
Session ID: 61 Serial number: 23157

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  841162752 bytes
Fixed Size                  1339768 bytes
Variable Size             658509448 bytes
Database Buffers          176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers                5152768 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 3867
Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

查看alert.log，内容有如下发现：

ALTER DATABASE OPEN
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Thu Mar 11 11:12:52 2010
ARC0 started with pid=25, OS id=4103
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11gr2/ora11gr2/trace/ora11gr2_ora_4052.trc:
ORA-19815: WARNING: db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2091909120 bytes is 100.00% used, and has 0 remaining bytes available.
************************************************************************
You have following choices to free up space from recovery area:
1. Consider changing RMAN RETENTION POLICY. If you are using Data Guard,
   then consider changing RMAN ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY.
2. Back up files to tertiary device such as tape using RMAN
   BACKUP RECOVERY AREA command.
3. Add disk space and increase db_recovery_file_dest_size parameter to
   reflect the new space.
4. Delete unnecessary files using RMAN DELETE command. If an operating
   system command was used to delete files, then use RMAN CROSSCHECK and
   DELETE EXPIRED commands.
************************************************************************
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11gr2/ora11gr2/trace/ora11gr2_ora_4052.trc:
ORA-19809: limit exceeded for recovery files
ORA-19804: cannot reclaim 51380224 bytes disk space from 2091909120 limit
ARCH: Error 19809 Creating archive log file to '+FRA'
Thu Mar 11 11:12:54 2010
ARC2 started with pid=27, OS id=4107
Thu Mar 11 11:12:54 2010
ARC3 started with pid=28, OS id=4109
Thu Mar 11 11:12:54 2010
ARC1 started with pid=26, OS id=4105
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora11gr2/ora11gr2/trace/ora11gr2_ora_4052.trc:
ORA-16038: log 1 sequence# 313 cannot be archived
ORA-19809: limit exceeded for recovery files
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '+DATA1/ora11gr2/onlinelog/group_1.261.703268751'
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '+FRA/ora11gr2/onlinelog/group_1.257.703268751'
USER (ospid: 4052): terminating the instance due to error 16038
Thu Mar 11 11:12:55 2010
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 4052

查看初始化参数据

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  841162752 bytes
Fixed Size                  1339768 bytes
Variable Size             658509448 bytes
Database Buffers          176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers                5152768 bytes

SQL> show parameter b_recovery_file_dest_size;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 1995M

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=3000M scope=spfile;

System altered.

关机重启
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  841162752 bytes
Fixed Size                  1339768 bytes
Variable Size             658509448 bytes
Database Buffers          176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers                5152768 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.