1. 只有一个或几个表空间损坏。
2. 把相应表空间或数据文件offline，然后alter database open，这样除了受影响表空间以外的数据库仍可用。
3. 对相应表空间或数据文件进行恢复，然后online。

RMAN> startup

Oracle instance started
database mounted
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 04/09/2008 10:29:48
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 3 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 3: 'D:\OPT\ORACLE9I\PRODUCT\9.2.0\ORADATA\ORA92US\USERS01.DBF'

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users offline';

注意：在数据库mount状态下不能以tablespace为单位进行操作，因为alter tablespace ** offline 会触发checkpoint，对controlfile和datafile进行写操作，而这在mount状态下是不可能的。

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
sql statement: alter tablespace users offline
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 04/09/2008 10:30:02
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter tablespace users offline
ORA-01109: database not open

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate';

sql statement: alter tablespace users offline immediate
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on default channel at 04/09/2008 10:30:47
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter tablespace users offline immediate
ORA-01109: database not open

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 3 offline';

sql statement: alter database datafile 3 offline

RMAN> sql 'alter database open';

sql statement: alter database open

RMAN> restore datafile 3;

Starting restore at 2008-04-09 10:31:58

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=11 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00003 to D:\OPT\ORACLE9I\PRODUCT\9.2.0\ORADATA\ORA92US\USERS01.DBF
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=D:\ORA_BAK\RMAN\ORA92US\DF_ORA92US_2_1.BAK tag=WHOLECOLD params=NULL
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete
Finished restore at 2008-04-09 10:32:01

RMAN> recover datafile 3;

Starting recover at 2008-04-09 10:32:06
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete

Finished recover at 2008-04-09 10:32:07

RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 3 online';

sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online

RMAN>