Database hotbackup:1.rman 2.alter tablespace begin/end backup(require database running on archvielog mode).
Database coldbackup:1.rman(mount mode).2.cp/copy paste.including datafile,controlfile,online redo log file.parameter file ,password file, network associated files.
Archived redolog files:1.rman 2.after database hotbackup ,copy every archived redolog file.
Controlfile:1.rman(using sql command to backup controlfile finally) 2.alter database backup controlfile to trace/ /derictory/filename.
Parameter file:1.create command 2.rman autobackup controlfile.3.cp
Trace file 1.cp 2.backup with the Os file
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