1.确定 ORACLE_SID
export ORACLE_SID=linux ;// unix
set ORACLE_SID=windows ; //windows
同时修改/etc/oratab
2.创建口令文件建立连接
3.创建参数文件,根据一个模板修改($ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora)
4.根据init.ora创建参数文件
db_files = 80 # SMALL
db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8 #
db_name=LINUX
background_dump_dest=/oraclesoft/admin/LINUX/bdump
core_dump_dest=/oraclesoft/admin/LINUX/cdump
user_dump_dest=/oraclesoft/admin/LINUX/udump
processes = 100 # MEDIUM
sga_target=200m
undo_tablespace=undotbs1
db_block_size=8192
parallel_max_servers = 5 # SMALL
log_buffer = 32768 # SMALL
max_dump_file_size = 10240 # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each
control_files = (/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/control01.ctl, /oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/control02.dbf)
undo_management=auto
创建相关目录同时修改文件夹的权限,包括数据文件目录的文件以及dump相关的目录的权限
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/oraclesoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora';
File created.
5.启动实例
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 209715200 bytes
Fixed Size 1218556 bytes
Variable Size 71305220 bytes
Database Buffers 134217728 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
6. 执行创建数据库脚本
CREATE DATABASE LINUX
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "1"
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "1"
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/users01.dbf' size 100m reuse
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
在创建数据库的过程中可以查看alert.log,查看是否出现错误
解释:
db_name :数据库文件名
control_files:控制文件位置及其名字
US7ASCII:数据库字符集
AL16UTF16:国家字符集
undo_tablespace:指定默认回滚表空间
undo_management:表空间是否自动管理
undotbs1:要和参数文件里的undo_tablespace一致
users:默认的用户表空间
tempts1:默认临时表空间
7.手工创建数据字典和PLSQL包
a.创建数据字典
spool /oraclesoft/catalog.log
@/oraclesoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
spool off
catalog.sql:
Creates the views of the data dictionary tables, the dynamic
performance views, and public synonyms for many of the views.
Grants PUBLIC access to the synonyms
b.创建package
spool /oraclesoft/cataproc.log
@/oraclesoft/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
spool off
8.合理的设置数据库参数
9.合理的创建表空间
10.修改数据库的归档模式
11.备份数据库
通过alert.log理解数据库的创建过程:
a.创建控制文件,同时mount数据库
CREATE DATABASE LINUX
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ****USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ****LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo01.log') SIZE
100M,
GROUP 2 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/users01.dbf' size 100m reuse
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Sat Sep 26 11:01:49 2009
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Sat Sep 26 11:02:01 2009
b.创建日志文件,同时open redo thread
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 3269573916
Assigning activation ID 3269573916 (0xc2e1bd1c)
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1
Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/redo01.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
Sat Sep 26 11:02:01 2009
c.创建系统表空间
create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
Sat Sep 26 11:02:13 2009
Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online
d.创建系统回滚段
create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K next 50K)
e.创建undo回滚表空间
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
Sat Sep 26 11:02:27 2009
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
f.创建sysaux表空间
create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Sat Sep 26 11:02:37 2009
Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online
g.创建默认临时表空间
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
Sat Sep 26 11:02:39 2009
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
h.创建默认用户表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/users01.dbf' size 100m reuse
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE '/oraclesoft/LINUX/oradata/users01.dbf' size 100m reuse
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
Sat Sep 26 11:02:40 2009
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
i.创建数据字典和plsql package
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/8984272/viewspace-619905/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
