To open a database:
1. All control files must be present and synchronized
2. All online data files must be present and synchronized
3. At least one member of each redo log group must be present
After a database is open, instance failure can be caused by media failure: for example, by the loss of a control file, the loss of an entire redo log group, or the loss of a data file belonging to the system or undo tablespaces. Event if an inactive redo log group is lost, the database will eventually fail due to log switches.
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