根据这个帖子http://www.itpub.net/viewthread.php?tid=1027951&extra=&page=1，进行模拟冷备份冷备份+归档文件,是否能恢复到初始状态。

试验的想法：

先对数据库进行冷备份，保证数据库开启归档，然后创建一个表。随后关闭数据库，将数据文件和控制文件拷贝到原来的位置，实现冷备还原。

试验的目的：

冷备还原后，能将创建的表恢复。

测试结果：失败！

主要做法：

1.冷备初始的所有文件，包括数据文件，日志文件，控制文件，参数文件等等，所有的文件。

2.检查归档日志：

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     2
Next log sequence to archive   4
Current log sequence           4

3.创建一个表：

SQL> select * from xx
  2  ;

XX
----------
glf

4.关闭数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

5.将原来冷备的控制文件，数据文件拷贝到现在目录下。

6.打开数据库：

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219040 bytes
Variable Size             100664864 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00338: log 1 of thread 1 is more recent than control file
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'

7.当控制文件和日志文件不一致的时候：

startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219040 bytes
Variable Size             100664864 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
Database mounted.

红色标注是错误的做法：这样只是不完全恢复！

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel
ORA-00279: change 537267 generated at 08/01/2008 11:46:29 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2008_08_01/o1_mf_1_4_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 537267 for thread 1 is in sequence #4

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2008_08_01/o1_mf_1_4_%u_.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2008_08_01/o1_mf_1_4_%u_.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

上面这样做其实是错误的，因为没有找到归档日志。应该从在线redolog入手，进行日志恢复。

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  293601280 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219040 bytes
Variable Size             100664864 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes


Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.


8.寻找以前那张表：

SQL> select * from xx;
select * from xx
              *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

试验和预期结果不一致

正确做法：

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 559252 generated at 08/01/2008 15:28:02 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2008_08_02/o1_mf_1_2_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 559252 for thread 1 is in sequence #2


Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.

然后SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from xx
  2  ;

XX
----------
glf

试验和预期结果一致。

总结：实际这个是一个控制文件和日志文件不一致问题，如果直接使用"alter database open resetlogs" 显然是不完全恢复，那么一定会丢数据。如果先恢复联机日志，在重置日志组，实现完全恢复。