sed 学习笔记(与大家共勉)(转)[@more@][b:4c6c2a6554]sed 学习笔记(与大家共勉)[/b:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]声明:[/b:4c6c2a6554]这些代码只是为了学习和理解sed命令而为之,并不代表问题的唯一解或最佳解,希望各位[b:4c6c2a6554]拍砖[/b:4c6c2a6554]参考资料:等[b:4c6c2a6554][color=red:4c6c2a6554]一. 替换[/color:4c6c2a6554][/b:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]1.神奇变换([color=red:4c6c2a6554]y[/color:4c6c2a6554]命令的使用)[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554] sed 'y/ori_letter_list/target_letter_list/' filename[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1234567890234567890134567890124567890123[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]测试将文件中[color=red:4c6c2a6554]1[/color:4c6c2a6554]换成[color=indigo:4c6c2a6554]A[/color:4c6c2a6554]将文件中[color=red:4c6c2a6554]2[/color:4c6c2a6554]换成[color=indigo:4c6c2a6554]B[/color:4c6c2a6554]...将文件中[color=red:4c6c2a6554]0[/color:4c6c2a6554]换成[color=indigo:4c6c2a6554]J[/color:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed 'y/1234567890/ABCDEFGHIJ/' filenameABCDEFGHIJBCDEFGHIJACDEFGHIJABDEFGHIJABC[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]注意变换关系是按两个list的位置对应变换,y是一个管局命令,拒绝使用后缀flag/[color=red:4c6c2a6554]g[/color:4c6c2a6554]list1:1234567890list2:ABCDEFGHIJ下面再作一个与前例相反的变换[code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed 'y/0987654321/ABCDEFGHIJ/' filenameJIHGFEDCBAIHGFEDCBAJHGFEDCBAJIGFEDCBAJIH[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]2.替换每行第一个匹配[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed 's/regexpr/anyword/' filenamesed 's/regexpr/anyword/1' filename[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例:[quote:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1234567890 23456789013456789012 4567890123sed 's/5/五/' filename1234五67890 234[color=green:4c6c2a6554]5[/color:4c6c2a6554]67890134五6789012 4[color=green:4c6c2a6554]5[/color:4c6c2a6554]67890123[/quote:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]3.替换每行第n(如果有的话)个匹配[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed "s/regexpr/anyword/${n}" filenamecat filename111111111111111111222222222222222222333333333333333333444444444444444444举例sed "s/4/ 四 /8" filename1111111111111111112222222222222222223333333333333333334444444 四 4444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]4.替换每行所有匹配[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1234567890 23456789013456789012 4567890123[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例:sed 's/3/三/g' filename12三4567890 2三45678901三456789012 456789012三[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554][color=red:4c6c2a6554]二.行号处理[/color:4c6c2a6554][/b:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554][color=blue:4c6c2a6554]1.[/color:4c6c2a6554]为文件加行号[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed = filename|sed 'N;s/
/:/'cat filename111111111111111111222222222222222222333333333333333333444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed = filename|sed 'N;s/
/:/' filename1:1111111111111111112:2222222222222222223:3333333333333333334:444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]2.仅为文件中的正文行加行号[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed /./= a|sed '/./N;s/
/:/'[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename111111111111111111222222222222222222333333333333333333444444444444444444sed /./= a|sed '/./N;s/
/:/' filename1:1111111111111111113:2222222222222222224:3333333333333333336:444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554][color=red:4c6c2a6554]三.字串翻转[/color:4c6c2a6554][/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed '/
/!G;s/(.)(.*
)/&21/;s/.//'[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]echo 1234567890|sed '/
/!G;s/(.)(.*
)/&21/;s/.//'0987654321[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554][color=red:4c6c2a6554]四.选择性输出[/color:4c6c2a6554][/b:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]1.打印文档奇数行(隔行输出)[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed 'n;d'sed 'x;$!N;x'sed -n 'p;n'1357[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]2.打印偶数行(隔行输出)[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed -n 'n;p'sed '1d;n;d;'2468[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]3.删除连续重复行（大量使用了pattern space 文件太大时要注意）[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed '$!N; /^(.*)
1$/!P; D' #使用 $!N 要当心内存溢出[/code:1:4c6c2a6554] 举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat file111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444sed '$!N; /^(.*)
1$/!P; D' filename111111111111111111222222222222222222333333333333333333444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]4.合并上下行并以空格相分隔[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed '$!N;s/
/ /'[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat file12345678900987654321执行命令后1234567890 0987654321[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]5.将以符号结尾的行与下行合并并以空格分隔(拼接断行)[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed -e :a -e '/$/N; s/
/ /; ta'[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1 1111111111111111112 2222222222222222223 3333333333333333334 444444444444444444sed -e :a -e '/$/N; s/
/ /; ta' filename1 111111111111111111 2 2222222222222222223 333333333333333333 4 444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]6.按关键字拼接行[/b:4c6c2a6554]如果某行以=开始，则合并到上一行并替代＝为空格[code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/
=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat file111111111111111111222222222222222222 =333333333333333333444444444444444444sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/
=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' filename111111111111111111222222222222222222 333333333333333333444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]7.输出匹配行的下一行[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed -n '/regexpr/{n;p;}' filename[/code:1:4c6c2a6554]举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1 1111111111111111112 2222222222222222223 3333333333333333334 444444444444444444sed -n '/^3/{n;p;}' filename4 444444444444444444[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]8.显示匹配行的行号并输出匹配行的上行、匹配行、下行[/b:4c6c2a6554]sed -n -e '/regexpr/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h举例[code:1:4c6c2a6554]cat filename1 1111111111111111112 2222222222222222223 3333333333333333334 444444444444444444sed -n -e '/^3/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h filename3 #匹配行的行号2 222222222222222222 #上一行3 333333333333333333 #匹配行4 444444444444444444 #下一行[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]9.删除文档中某标志区域内的关键字匹配行[/b:4c6c2a6554]删除文档中从being开到end结束的块中包含myword的行[code:1:4c6c2a6554]sed '/^begin/,/^end/{/myword/d;}' filename[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][quote:4c6c2a6554]cat filenamemywordbegin[color=blue:4c6c2a6554]mywordNumber!mywordNumber!mywordNumber!mywordNumber![/color:4c6c2a6554]endmywordNumber![/quote:4c6c2a6554]测试[quote:4c6c2a6554]mywordbegin[color=darkblue:4c6c2a6554]Number!Number!Number!Number![/color:4c6c2a6554]endmywordNumber![/quote:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554][color=red:4c6c2a6554]五.字串解析[/color:4c6c2a6554][/b:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]1.从字串中解析出两个子串(前2各字符和后9个字符)[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]echo "WeLoveChinaUnix"|sed -e 'H;s/(..).*/1/;x;s/.*(.{9})$/1/;x;G;s/
/ /'We ChinaUnix[/code:1:4c6c2a6554][b:4c6c2a6554]2.分解日期串[/b:4c6c2a6554][code:1:4c6c2a6554]echo 20030922|sed 's/(....)(..)(..)/1 2 3/'|read year month dayecho $year $month $day2003 09 22[/code:1:4c6c2a6554
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