系统环境： ubuntu16.04
PostgreSQL 版本： 12

注意：TimescaleDB 需要PostgreSQL 11.4+或12.0+。不再支持PostgreSQL 9.6.3+和10.9+，并将在以后的版本中删除。

一. 部署TimescaleDB

1. Add PostgreSQL's third party repository to get the latest PostgreSQL packages

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ $(lsb_release -c -s)-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list 
ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add - 
ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get update

2. Add PPA

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:timescale/timescaledb-ppa 
ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo apt-get update 

3. Install appropriate package for PG version

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo apt install timescaledb-postgresql-12

4. Run 'timescaledb-tune' (installed as part of the
   timescaledb-tools package, a recommended dependency) to update your config settings for TimescaleDB

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo timescaledb-tune --quiet --yes
ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo service postgresql restart

5. 为postgres用户设置密码

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~$ sudo -u postgres   psql postgres
psql (12.2 (Ubuntu 12.2-2.pgdg16.04+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \password postgres 
Enter new password:  #输入密码
Enter it again:  #确认密码
postgres=# \q #退出

6. 修改登录权限设置

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo vim /etc/postgresql/12/main/pg_hba.conf
...
# Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
# local   all             postgres                                md5  
local   all             postgres                                peer #peer 方式允许管理员账号通过socket连接，用-h 指定socket目录，(default: "/var/run/postgresql")

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local   all             all                                     peer

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             10.0.0.1/16            md5
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
...

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo vim /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf 
...
listen_addresses = '*'          # what IP address(es) to listen on;
...

7. 登录测试

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~$ psql  -h /var/run/postgresql -U postgres -W
Password:  #输入密码
psql (12.2 (Ubuntu 12.2-2.pgdg16.04+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \q

二. 安装pg_prometheus拓展

1. 安装postgresql-server-dev-12

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo apt install postgresql-server-dev-12

2. 下载并解压最新 pg_prometheus's release安装包 (v0.2.2) 并解压

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~#  cd /usr/local/src/prometheus/ && \
sudo wget https://github.com/timescale/pg_prometheus/archive/0.2.2.tar.gz  && \
sudo tar -xf 0.2.2.tar.gz && \
cd pg_prometheus-0.2.2

3. 编译

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:/usr/local/src/prometheus/pg_prometheus-0.2.2# sudo make install

4. 编辑 postgresql.conf 加入pg_prometheus 扩展

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~#   sudo vim /etc/postgresql/12/main/postgresql.conf
...
# - Shared Library Preloading -

shared_preload_libraries = 'timescaledb,pg_prometheus'  # (change requires restart)
...

5. 重启postgresql

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# sudo service postgresql restart

6. 创建pg_prometheus拓展

ubuntu@VM-0-12-ubuntu:~# psql  -h /var/run/postgresql -U postgres -W
Password: 
psql (12.2 (Ubuntu 12.2-2.pgdg16.04+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_prometheus;
CREATE EXTENSION
postgres=# \q

参考:

1. https://docs.timescale.com/latest/getting-started/installation/ubuntu/installation-apt-ubuntu
2. https://github.com/timescale/pg_prometheus/issues/31