## v2 vs v1

ACME v2 与 v1 API 有许多不同之处，值得注意的变更：

1. 授权/签发流程已改变
2. JWS 请求授权以改变
3. JWS 请求体的"resource"字段被新的 JWS 请求头“url”替换
4. 目录端点/资源重命名

ACMEv 是 ACME 协议的更新版本，考虑到行业专家和其他组织可能希望在某天使用 ACME 协议进行证书颁发和管理，它已经通过 IETF 标准流程。

通配符证书 允许使用单个证书来保护域的所有子域。在某些情况下，通配符证书可以使证书更容易管理，以帮助使 Web 达到 100％ 的 HTTPS 协议。但是对于大多数用例，Let's Encrypt 仍然推荐使用非通配符证书。

通配符证书只能通过 ACMEv2 获得。为了将 ACMEv2 用于通配符或非通配符证书，你需要一个已更新且支持 ACMEv 的客户端。Let's Encrypt 希望所有客户和订户转换为 ACMEv2，尽管 ACMEv1 API 还没有“报废”。

另外，通配符域必须使用 DNS-01 质询类型进行验证。这表明你需要修改 DNS TXT 记录才能演示对域的控制以获得通配符证书。

更多有关 ACME v2 和通配符证书的技术信息，请参阅此文章：

[letsencrypy.org](https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/acme-v2-production-envrionment-wildcards/55578)

## 通配符证书解释：

域名通配符证书类似 DNS 解析的泛域名概念，主域名签发的通配符证书可以在所有子域名中使用。

## 通配符证书的优势：

域名通配符证书最大的特点就是申请之后可以部署在子域名使用， 因此对于子域名，没有必要再次申请新的证书。

而价格方面，通配符域名证书通常会比单域名证书高几倍， 不过价格高的主要原因自然是使用的便利性。

新闻一出，马上就有小伙伴解锁了 Let's Encrypt 通配符 HTTPS 证书的申请方式，并分享了出来：

## 申请 Let's Encrypt 通配符 HTTPS 证书

> 链接：https://my.oschina.net/kimver/blog/1634575#comment-list
>
> 作者：飞奔的萝卜
>
> 博客经授权发布，转载请注明来源

Let's Encrypt 发布的 ACME v2 现已正式支持通配符证书，接下来将为大家介绍怎样申请，Let's go.

注：本教程是在centos 7下操作的，其他Linux系统大同小异。

1. 获取certbot-auto
	1. 下载： `wget https://dl.eff.org/certbot-auto`
	2. 添加执行权限： chmod +x certbot-auto
2. 开始申请证书

注xxx.com请根据自己的域名自行更改

```
	./certbot-auto --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory -d "*.xxx.com" --manual --preferred-challenges dns-01 certonly

```

执行完这一步之后，会下载一些需要的依赖，稍等片刻之后，会提示输入邮箱，随便输入都行

注意，申请通配符证书是要经过DNS认证的，按照提示，前往域名后台添加对应的DNS TXT记录。添加之后，不要心急着按回车，先执行dig xxxx.xxx.com txt确认解析记录是否生效，生效之后再回去按回车确认
	
	```
	lenges dns-01 certonly
	WARNING: unable to check for updates.
	Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
	Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None
	Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
	cancel): zhanglei@tansuotv.com
	
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Please read the Terms of Service at
	https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
	agree in order to register with the ACME server at
	https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
	
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
	Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
	organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about EFF and
	our work to encrypt the web, protect its users and defend digital rights.
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	(Y)es/(N)o: Y
	Obtaining a new certificate
	Performing the following challenges:
	dns-01 challenge for tansuotv.cn
	
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
	certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
	your server, please ensure you're okay with that.
	
	Are you OK with your IP being logged?
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	(Y)es/(N)o: Y
	
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
	_acme-challenge.tansuotv.cn with the following value: <--- 添加DNS解析 TXT记录，值为F7s0jeWZXJoUkwK6561gdw1SSem5psyzU_ga3A4wvF4
	
	F7s0jeWZXJoUkwK6561gdw1SSem5psyzU_ga3A4wvF4
	
	Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	Press Enter to Continue
	Waiting for verification...
	Cleaning up challenges
	
	IMPORTANT NOTES:
	 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
	   /etc/letsencrypt/live/tansuotv.cn/fullchain.pem
	   Your key file has been saved at:
	   /etc/letsencrypt/live/tansuotv.cn/privkey.pem
	   Your cert will expire on 2018-06-14. To obtain a new or tweaked
	   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot-auto
	   again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
	   "certbot-auto renew"
	 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
	   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
	   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
	   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
	   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
	 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
	
	   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
	   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
	
	```
	
	注意，申请通配符证书是要经过DNS认证的，按照提示，前往域名后台添加对应的DNS TXT记录。添加之后，不要心急着按回车，先执行dig xxxx.xxx.com txt确认解析记录是否生效，生效之后再回去按回车确认
	
	```
	dig _acme-challenge.tansuotv.cn txt
	
	; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.62.rc1.el6_9.5 <<>> _acme-challenge.tansuotv.cn txt
	;; global options: +cmd
	;; Got answer:
	;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 30970
	;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
	
	;; QUESTION SECTION:
	;_acme-challenge.tansuotv.cn.   IN      TXT
	
	;; ANSWER SECTION:
	_acme-challenge.tansuotv.cn. 600 IN     TXT     "F7s0jeWZXJoUkwK6561gdw1SSem5psyzU_ga3A4wvF4"
	
	;; Query time: 10 msec
	;; SERVER: 202.106.0.20#53(202.106.0.20)
	;; WHEN: Fri Mar 16 10:31:50 2018
	;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 101
	```
	
	到了这一步后，大功告成！！！ 证书存放在/etc/letsencrypt/live/xxx.com/里面
	
	要续期的话，执行certbot-auto renew就可以了

下面是一个nginx应用该证书的一个例子

```

server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        listen 80;
        ssl on;
        ssl_certificate /etc/cert/tansuotv.cn/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/cert/tansuotv.cn/privkey.pem;
        ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/cert/tansuotv.cn/chain.pem;
        server_name zabbix.tansuotv.cn;
        access_log logs/zabbix_access.log;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /Data/apps/zabbix3.2/webfile;
        location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
        {
                #fastcgi_pass        unix:/Data/apps/php-fcgi/php-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_pass        unix:/Data/apps/php_for_zabbix/php-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_index       index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
                include fastcgi.conf;
        }
        location /wx_api
        {
                include uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
        }
        access_log logs/zabbix.log;
}
```

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