General options:

  -c, --command=COMMAND    run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit

  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database name to connect to (default: "postgres")

  -f, --file=FILENAME      execute commands from file, then exit

  -l, --list               list available databases, then exit

  -v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE

                           set psql variable NAME to VALUE

                           (e.g., -v >

  -V, --version            output version information, then exit

  -X, --no-psqlrc          do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)

  -1 ("one"), --single-transaction

                           execute as a single transaction (if non-interactive)

  -?, --help[=options]     show this help, then exit

      --help=commands      list backslash commands, then exit

      --help=variables     list special variables, then exit

Input and output options:

  -a, --echo-all           echo all input from script

  -b, --echo-errors        echo failed commands

  -e, --echo-queries       echo commands sent to server

  -E, --echo-hidden        display queries that internal commands generate

  -L, --log-file=FILENAME  send session log to file

  -n, --no-readline        disable enhanced command line editing (readline)

  -o, --output=FILENAME    send query results to file (or |pipe)

  -q, --quiet              run quietly (no messages, only query output)

  -s, --single-step        single-step mode (confirm each query)

  -S, --single-line        single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)

Output format options:

  -A, --no-align           unaligned table output mode

      --csv                CSV (Comma-Separated Values) table output mode

  -F, --field-separator=STRING

                           field separator for unaligned output (default: "|")

  -H, --html               HTML table output mode

  -P, --pset=VAR[=ARG]     set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)

  -R, --record-separator=STRING

                           record separator for unaligned output (default: newline)

  -t, --tuples-only        print rows only

  -T, --table-attr=TEXT    set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)

  -x, --expanded           turn on expanded table output

  -z, --field-separator-zero

                           set field separator for unaligned output to zero byte

  -0, --record-separator-zero

                           set record separator for unaligned output to zero byte

Connection options:

  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory (default: "local socket")

  -p, --port=PORT          database server port (default: "5432")

  -U, --username=USERNAME  database user name (default: "postgres")

  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password

  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)

For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL

commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL

documentation.