A user enters their username and password into a login screen and clicks a login button. The entered information is placed into an object called Authentication which is passed to the AuthenticationManager’s authenticate method. this method will loop through all AuthenticationProviders that are configured and calls their authenticate method, passing in the Authentication object. Each AuthenticationProvider will calls its configured UserDetailsService’s loadUserByUserName method.

1. spring-security.xml配置文件如下所示：

<http auto-config="true">
    <intercept-url pattern="/admin**" access="ROLE_ADMIN" />
    <intercept-url pattern="/dba**" access="ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_DBA" />
</http>

<authentication-manager>
  <authentication-provider>
    <user-service>
    <user name="mkyong" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER" />
    <user name="admin" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN" />
    <user name="dba" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_DBA" />
    </user-service>
  </authentication-provider>
</authentication-manager>

等同于下面的注解

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
      auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("mkyong").password("123456").roles("USER");
      auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("admin").password("123456").roles("ADMIN");
      auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("dba").password("123456").roles("DBA");
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

      http.authorizeRequests()
        .antMatchers("/admin/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')")
        .antMatchers("/dba/**").access("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN') or hasRole('ROLE_DBA')")
        .and().formLogin();

    }
}

其中，@EnableWebSecurity等同于配置文件spring-security.xml

2. web.xml集成spring-security

       <!-- Loads Spring Security config file -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Spring Security -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
        </filter-class>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

相同功能的注解实现：

import org.springframework.security.web.context.AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer;

public class SpringSecurityInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
   //do nothing
}

其中，AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer的实现类自动加载springSecurityFilterChain

3. spring.xml配置文件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.test.web.*" />

<bean
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix">
        <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>
    </property>
    <property name="suffix">
        <value>.jsp</value>
    </property>
</bean>

相同功能的注解：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({ "com.test.web.*" })
@Import({ SecurityConfig.class })
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver
                          = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }

}

4. spring DispatcherServlet配置

    <!-- Spring MVC -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

等同功能的注解

import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
import com.mkyong.config.AppConfig;

public class SpringMvcInitializer
       extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] { AppConfig.class };
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/" };
    }

}

参考文献：

【1】http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23088004/spring-security-workflow

【2】http://www.mkyong.com/tutorials/spring-security-tutorials/

【3】http://www.mkyong.com/spring-security/spring-security-hello-world-annotation-example/

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