最近公司业务的不断扩大，对数据库的使用也不断的增加，导致了基本每天都要进行安装的安装和配置。其实oracle的安装是很简单，不知道是否有更加方便，快捷的安装方式呢？答案：有的，那就是用linux常用的命令tar来进行安装。今天我就来尝试了在linux as4上用tar方式安装oracle 10g，下面简单记录下这次的操作过程。
原数据库所在服务器信息：
kfserver-> more /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 5)
Kernel \r on an \m
kfserver-> uname -a
Linux kfserver 2.6.9-55.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 17:03:35 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
新数据库所在服务器信息：
root@testserver:[/root]more /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 5)
Kernel \r on an \m
root@testserver:[/root]uname -a
Linux testserver 2.6.9-55.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 17:03:35 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
以上二个系统版本是一样的。
1、在新服务器上添加用户
# groupadd dba
# useradd -d /home/oracle -g dba oracle
# passwd oracle
# mkdir /oracle/10g
# chown -R oracle:dba /oracle
# chown -R oracle:dba /Data
2、在新服务器上添加相关目录
mkdir -p /oracle/10g
3、设置核心参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf，添加
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 12884901888
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
使设置生效：
sysctl -p
4、修改oracle用户的环境变量
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile 添加：
# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export EDITOR=vi
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10g
#export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/crs
export ORACLE_PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export ORACLE_SID=zfldb <<<注意不同的db在此修改成对应的sid
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
#export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/tmp
#ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export PS1=`hostname`'<$PWD>$'
--使profile立即生效
$source /.bash_profile
5、在原服务器打包程序
把$ORACLE_HOME下的东西打包压缩：
cd $ORACLE_HOME
tar cfz oracle10203.tar ./
6、传送到新服务器并解压
scp 上传
cd $ORACLE_HOME
tar -xzfv oracle10203 -C ./
7、重新执行root.sh：
[root@testserver opt]# /oracle/10g/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/product/10.2
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
此时软连接和目录都已经存在：
[root@testserver opt]# ls /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap
bin etc log
[root@testserver opt]# ls -l /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan 10 17:40 /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap -> /opt/ORCLfmap/prot1_64
8、创建数据库
运行dbca，一步一步设置好就可以。
9、清理原网络相关文件、原密码文件等。
10、建em emctl start dbconsole;
$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate
一般会出现的问题：
1、chown: changing ownership of `/opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap': No such file or directory
这里出现一个错误，提示文件不存在，经检查这是一个软链接：
[root@testserver oracle]# ls -l /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan 10 17:22 /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap -> /opt/ORCLfmap/prot1_64
经检查，当前的系统确实不存在/opt/ORCLfmap目录，实际上/opt/ORCLfmap是有root.sh生成的，先删除这个软链接：
rm -f /opt/oracle/product/10.2/rdbms/filemap
2、Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/10.2/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
执行dbca时报错：
testserver ->$ dbca
Exception in thread "main"
testserver ->$
这里报错信息非常少，无法判断是什么原因，再执行netca就可以看得更多的错误信息了：
[oracle@testserver bin]$ netca
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/10.2/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1586)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1503)
at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:788)
at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:834)
at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(NativeLibLoader.java:38)
at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(DebugHelper.java:29)
at java.awt.Component.(Component.java:506)
这个问题主要是缺少一个包xorg-x11-deprecated-libs导致的，把包安装上就可以：
[root@testserver soft]# rpm -ivh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.37.i386.rpm
warning: xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-6.8.2-1.EL.13.37.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID b38a8516
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:xorg-x11-deprecated-lib########################################### [100%]
注意：虽然系统是64位的，但是这里要安装32位的包。
3、ORA-12547: TNS: 丢失连接
在创建数据库前，简单测试一下sqlplus是否正常，发现了这个问题：
testserver ->$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 1月 10 17:51:35 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
oraclenewdemo: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
ERROR:
ORA-12547: TNS: 丢失连接
请输入用户名:
引起问题的原因是libaio系统包，把相关包安装即可：
[root@testserver soft]# ls
libaio-0.3.105-2.i386.rpm libaio-0.3.105-2.x86_64.rpm libaio-devel-0.3.105-2.x86_64.rpm
[root@testserver soft]# rpm -ivh *
warning: libaio-0.3.105-2.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID b38a8516
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libaio ########################################### [ 33%]
2:libaio ########################################### [ 67%]
3:libaio-devel ########################################### [100%]
同样，这里也需要安装两个32位的包。
4、ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
testserver ->$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期五 1月 11 10:48:35 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
