1
先看oracle的监听和oracle的服务是否都启动了。启动oracle监听：
cmd的命令行窗口下，输入lsnrctl
start，回车即启动监听。
2 查看oracle的sid叫什么，比如创建数据库的时候，实例名叫“abc”，那么先手工设置一下oralce的sid，cmd命令窗口中，set
ORACLE_SID=abc
3 再输入sqlplus /nolog,回车
再输入
conn / as sysdba;回车
4
再输入startup，回车.这步是启动oracle服务。如果startup启动被告知已经启动了，可以先输入shutdown
immediate；等shutdown结束之后，再输入startup。
5 过几秒钟等命令运行完成，就能连接了。这个时候，可以输入"select
* from user_tables;"测试一下，看是否有查询结果。
6
出现ORA-01034和ORA-27101的原因是多方面的：主要是oracle当前的服务不可用，shared memory realm does not
exist，是因为oracle没有启动或没有正常启动，共享内存并没有分配给当前实例.所以，通过设置实例名，再用操作系统身份验证的方式，启动数据库。这样数据库就正常启动了，就不会报ORA-01034和ORA-27101两个启动异常了。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
今天在测试库上遇到了ORA-27101的错误，当通过客户端连接到db时返回如下：
[oracle@bluerin admin]$ sqlplus system/oracle@test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 10 11:05:04 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01034:
ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not
exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID:
0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
对于这个问题第一印象，可能会觉得没有足够的内存空间，来创建共享内存段
1.首先检查内核参数设置以及alert.log 文件
fs.file-max
= 6553600
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax =
2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100
128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default =
4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default =
262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
查看后都没有问题，主机有足够的内存，数据库也已经在启动状态：
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
READ
WRITE
2.之后发现在报错之后，继续输入用户名和密码确可以登陆
Enter
user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected
to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit
Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application
Testing options
SQL>
3.查看sqlnet.log日志
[oracle@bluerin
log]$ pwd
/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/log
[oracle@bluerin log]$
cat sqlnet.log
Directory does not exist for read/write
[/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/log]
[/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/log/diag/clients]
***********************************************************************
Fatal
NI connect error 12541, connecting
to:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.201.1.134)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=Oracle8)(CID=(PROGRAM=java@localhost)(HOST=localhost)(USER=oracle))))
VERSION
INFORMATION:
TNS
for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 -
Production
TCP/IP
NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 -
Production
Time: 05-AUG-2010
18:30:51
Tracing not turned
on.
Tns error
struct:
ns main err code:
12541
TNS-12541: TNS:no
listener
ns secondary err
code: 12560
nt main err
code: 511
TNS-00511: No
listener
nt secondary err
code: 111
nt OS err code:
0
***********************************************************************
提示找不到listener......
4.检查listener是否配置正确
[oracle@bluerin
alert]$ cat /u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
#
listener.ora Network Configuration File:
/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1//network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by
Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER
=
(SID_LIST
=
(SID_DESC
=
(ORACLE_HOME
=
/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME
=
siebtest)
)
)
LISTENER
=
(DESCRIPTION
=
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =
TCP)(HOST = 10.201.1.134)(PORT =
1521))
)
[oracle@bluerin ~]$ tnsping test
Used
parameter files:
/u01/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used
TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.201.1.134)(PORT = 1521)))
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = siebtest)))
OK (0 msec)
listener 配置没有问题。。。
5.由于实例已经在启动的状态，这时候考虑到实例注册的问题
SQL> show parameter local_listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------
-----------
------------------------------
local_listener string
发现local_listener没有值。。。。。
6.设置local_listener参数
SQL>
alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS
=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.201.1.134)(PORT=1521)(SID=siebtest))';
System
altered.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
7.再次登陆成功
[oracle@bluerin alert]$ sqlplus system/oracle@test
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Aug 10 12:51:11 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected
to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - 64bit
Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application
Testing options
SQL>
总结：
如果LOCAL_LISTENER丢失，会导致自动实例注册失败，数据库实例不会识别Listener,当Listener连接
数据库实例的时候，由于Listener没有注册，导致了 ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist.
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