Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（八）
打算写一系列的文章介绍11g的新特性和变化。
Oracle11g在备份和恢复方面新增了很多的功能，无论是性能、功能性、安全性和可操作性方面都有了不同程度的提高。
这一篇介绍DATA GUARD集成性方面的提高。
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（一）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/412991
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（二）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414647
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（三）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414834
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（四）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414941
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（五）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/416015
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（六）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/423531
Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（七）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/426943
由于物理STANDBY相当于PRIMARY数据库的备份，因此物理STANDBY和PRIMARY数据库可以共用一套备份。
在11g中，为了实现DATA GUARD环境中备份的通用性，rman在DATA GUARD环境集成方面有了很大的提高。
首先rman可以为DATA GUARD环境中的各个数据库设置不同的配置。这个功能需要在CATALOG模式下实现，首先两边登陆RMAN并连接CATALOG注册数据库信息：
[oracle@yangtk ~]$ rman target / catalog catalog_11g/CATALOG_11G
Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Thu Nov 8 10:52:33 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> backup spfile;
Starting backup at 08-NOV-07
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1ej0hbk3_1_1 tag=TAG20071108T105250 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 08-NOV-07
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
登陆standby数据库，同样执行备份，来注册数据库信息：
[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ rman target / catalog catalog_11g/CATALOG_11G@ora11g_p
Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Fri Nov 30 23:00:36 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> backup spfile;
Starting backup at 30-NOV-07
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=145 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/18j2cmgt_1_1 tag=TAG20071130T230045 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 30-NOV-07
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
下面可以为不同db_unique_name设置不同的参数：
[oracle@yangtk ~]$ rman target / catalog catalog_11g/CATALOG_11G
Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Thu Nov 8 10:44:35 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on for db_unique_name all;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/data1/backup/%F' for db_unique_name ora11g_p;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/data1/backup/%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/data1/%F' for db_unique_name ora11g_s;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/data1/%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> show controlfile autobackup;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORA11G_P are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> show controlfile autobackup format;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORA11G_P are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/data1/backup/%F';
RMAN> show controlfile autobackup format for db_unique_name all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORA11G_P are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/data1/backup/%F';
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORA11G_S are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/data1/%F';
RMAN> backup tablespace yangtk;
Starting backup at 08-NOV-07
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1cj0hbh3_1_1 tag=TAG20071108T105114 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 08-NOV-07
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/c-4026820313-20071108-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-NOV-07
下面登陆STANDBY数据库执行备份：
[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ rman target / catalog catalog_11g/CATALOG_11G@ora11g_p
Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Fri Nov 30 22:58:53 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313)
connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> backup tablespace yangtk;
Starting backup at 30-NOV-07
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=142 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-NOV-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/16j2cmdl_1_1 tag=TAG20071130T225901 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 30-NOV-07
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-NOV-07
piece handle=/data1/c-4026820313-20071130-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-NOV-07
有了这种方式，就可以根据主库和备份的不同来设置不同的备份格式以及备份策略。
除了这个功能，11g还可以在standby controlfile和controlfile文件之间转化，避免了create standby controlfile的步骤，这个例子在上面一篇文章中DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE DATABASE创建STANDBY数据库中已经展示过了。
另外，RMAN还可以设置备份专门为某个数据库恢复之用，登陆PRIMARY数据库，检查刚才备份的表空间：
RMAN> list backup of tablespace yangtk;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
759 Full 196.27M DISK 00:00:27 08-NOV-07
BP Key: 760 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20071108T105114
Piece Name: /data1/backup/1cj0hbh3_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 759
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 4389571 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
6 Full 4389571 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
登陆STANDBY数据库检查备份，并设置这个备份为主库恢复所用：
RMAN> list backup of tablespace yangtk;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
813 Full 196.22M DISK 00:00:18 30-NOV-07
BP Key: 814 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20071130T225901
Piece Name: /data1/backup/16j2cmdl_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 813
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 4384953 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
6 Full 4384953 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
RMAN> change backup of tablespace yangtk reset db_unique_name to ora11g_p;
change backup piece db_unique_name
backup piece handle=/data1/backup/16j2cmdl_1_1 RECID=30 STAMP=640047541
Changed 1 objects db_unique_name
RMAN> list backup of tablespace yangtk;
RMAN>
下面再检查主库备份：
RMAN> list backup of tablespace yangtk;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
759 Full 196.27M DISK 00:00:27 08-NOV-07
BP Key: 760 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20071108T105114
Piece Name: /data1/backup/1cj0hbh3_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 759
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 4389571 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
6 Full 4389571 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
813 Full 196.22M DISK 00:00:18 30-NOV-07
BP Key: 814 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20071130T225901
Piece Name: /data1/backup/16j2cmdl_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 813
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
5 Full 4384953 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
6 Full 4384953 08-NOV-07 /data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
相应的备份信息已经出现在主库中了。不过要进行恢复的话，仍然需要将备份拷贝到主站点上才可以。
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