mysql (ICP) 索引条件下推对比ORACLE进行说明<br />
<br />
<br />
第一次看到这个名词,与ORACLE FPD - filter push-down想到了一块,但是后来才发现他们根本同一个东西,<br />
简单的收ICP就是当索引包含所有的访问字段的时候,可以在根据前导列过滤掉条件的时候,同时过滤掉另外的<br />
条件,比如说<br />
CREATE TABLE TESTICP(A INT,B INT,C NAME);<br />
ALTER TABLE TESTTICP ADD KEY(A,B);<br />
<br />
<br />
SELECT * FROM TESTICP WHERE A=1 AND B <10<br />
的时候,如果未使用ICP就是通过A=1的条件返回结果集然后通过<br />
回表操作后然后过滤掉B<10的条件,这种情况下额外的并不满足B<10的结果集通过回表操作,这样加大了离散<br />
读的压力,如果了解ORACLE的朋友一定记得CLUSTER_FACTOR这个概念,他用于描述索引相对表中数据的有序<br />
程度,其最大值为表的行数,最小值为表的块数,越小代表索引和表的数据越相似,也就是表中这列是比较有序的<br />
,如果越大那么回表的操作越耗时(离散读取越厉害),这点虽然在MYSQL还不太了解但是一定会受到这样的影响。<br />
所以及早的过滤掉不需要的数据是非常必要的。在ORACLE中这也许不是问题,但是MYSQL知道5.6才引入了ICP。<br />
我们先来看看ORACLE的执行计划<br />
使用脚本:<br />
CREATE TABLE TESTICP(A INT,B INT,C varchar2(20));<br />
declare <br />
i number(10);<br />
begin <br />
for i in 1..1000<br />
loop<br />
insert into TESTICP<br />
values(i,i,'gaopeng');<br />
end loop;<br />
end;<br />
SELECT * FROM TESTICP WHERE A=1 AND B <10;<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Plan hash value: 446810821<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 38 | 3 (0<br />
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TESTICP | 1 | 38 | 3 (0<br />
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | TESTICP_INDEX | 1 | | 2 (0<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):<br />
---------------------------------------------------<br />
2 - access("A"=1 AND "B"<10)<br />
<br />
<br />
非常加单我们只需要看到access("A"=1 AND "B"=1)就知道是通过"A"=1 AND "B"=1来访问索引的<br />
如果是FILTER B=1我们可以理解为访问索引后过滤的。<br />
SQL> explain plan for select * from testicp where a=1 and c='gtest';<br />
Explained<br />
<br />
<br />
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);<br />
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Plan hash value: 446810821<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 38 | 3 (0<br />
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| TESTICP | 1 | 38 | 3 (0<br />
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | TESTICP_INDEX | 1 | | 2 (0<br />
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):<br />
---------------------------------------------------<br />
1 - filter("C"='gtest')<br />
2 - access("A"=1)<br />
Note<br />
-----<br />
- dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)<br />
19 rows selected<br />
<br />
<br />
如果我们改变为and c='gtest'<br />
可以看到 filter("C"='gtest'),这就是所谓的过滤。是索引回表后过滤的。<br />
<br />
<br />
但这一切在ORACLE认为理所当然的东西到了MYSQL到了5.6才实现。我们通过MYSQL来做一下<br />
脚本使用:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
create table testicp(A INT,B INT,C varchar(20));<br />
delimiter //<br />
create procedure myproc3() <br />
begin <br />
declare num int; <br />
set num=1; <br />
while num <= 1000 do <br />
insert into testicp values(num,num,'gaopeng'); <br />
set num=num+1;<br />
end while;<br />
end//<br />
call myproc3() //<br />
delimiter ;<br />
alter table testicp add key(a,b);<br />
<br />
explain select * from testicp where a=1 and b<10;<br />
mysql> explain select * from testicp where a=1 and b<10;<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+<br />
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+<br />
| 1 | SIMPLE | testicp | range | A | A | 10 | NULL | 1 | Using index condition |<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+<br />
这里使用关键字Using index condition加以说明,他受参数<br />
optimizer_switch='index_condition_pushdown=on' <br />
影响,如果我们设置optimizer_switch='index_condition_pushdown=off'再来看一下<br />
set optimizer_switch='index_condition_pushdown=off'<br />
mysql> explain select * from testicp where a=1 and b<10;<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+<br />
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+<br />
| 1 | SIMPLE | testicp | range | A | A | 10 | NULL | 1 | Using where |<br />
+----+-------------+---------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+<br />
1 row in set (0.01 sec)<br />
可以看到这里变成了Using where,这代表没有使用icp。<br />
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:https://blog.itpub.net/30633755/viewspace-1871648/
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