这是Struts2官方站点提供的Struts 2 的整体结构。
一个请求在Struts2框架中的处理大概分为以下几个步骤:
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客户端提起一个(HttpServletRequest)请求,如上文在浏览器中输入”http://localhost:8080/TestMvc/add.action”就是提起一个(HttpServletRequest)请求。
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请求被提交到一系列(主要是三层)的过滤器(Filter),如(ActionContextCleanUp、其他过滤器(SiteMesh等)、 FilterDispatcher)。注意这里是有顺序的,先ActionContextCleanUp,再其他过滤器(SiteMesh等)、最后到FilterDispatcher。
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FilterDispatcher是控制器的核心,就是mvc中c控制层的核心。下面粗略的分析下我理解的FilterDispatcher工作流程和原理:FilterDispatcher进行初始化并启用核心doFilter
其代码如下:
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException ...{
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HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
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HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
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ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext();
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DispatcherUtils du = DispatcherUtils.getInstance();
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du.prepare(request, response);
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try ...{
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request = du.wrapRequest(request, servletContext);
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} catch (IOException e) ...{
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String message = "Could not wrap servlet request with MultipartRequestWrapper!";
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LOG.error(message, e);
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throw new ServletException(message, e);
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}
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ActionMapperIF mapper = ActionMapperFactory.getMapper();
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ActionMapping mapping = mapper.getMapping(request);
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if (mapping == null) ...{
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String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);
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if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) ...{
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resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
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}
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if ("true".equals(Configuration.get(WebWorkConstants.WEBWORK_SERVE_STATIC_CONTENT))
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&& resourcePath.startsWith("/webwork")) ...{
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String name = resourcePath.substring("/webwork".length());
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findStaticResource(name, response);
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} else ...{
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chain.doFilter(request, response);
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}
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return;
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}
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Object o = null;
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try ...{
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o = beforeActionInvocation(request, servletContext);
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du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
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} finally ...{
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afterActionInvocation(request, servletContext, o);
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ActionContext.setContext(null);
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}
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}
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du.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);
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public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String namespace, String actionName, Map requestMap, Map parameterMap, Map sessionMap, Map applicationMap) ...{
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HashMap extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, parameterMap, sessionMap, applicationMap, request, response, getServletConfig());
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extraContext.put(SERVLET_DISPATCHER, this);
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OgnlValueStack stack = (OgnlValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY);
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if (stack != null) ...{
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extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK,new OgnlValueStack(stack));
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}
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try ...{
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ActionProxy proxy = ActionProxyFactory.getFactory().createActionProxy(namespace, actionName, extraContext);
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request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());
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proxy.execute();
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if (stack != null)...{
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request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.WEBWORK_VALUESTACK_KEY,stack);
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}
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} catch (ConfigurationException e) ...{
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log.error("Could not find action", e);
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sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);
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} catch (Exception e) ...{
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log.error("Could not execute action", e);
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sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);
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}
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}
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FilterDispatcher询问ActionMapper是否需要调用某个Action来处理这个(request)请求,如果ActionMapper决定需要调用某个Action,FilterDispatcher把请求的处理交给ActionProxy。
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ActionProxy通过Configuration Manager(struts.xml)询问框架的配置文件,找到需要调用的Action类.
如上文的struts.xml配置
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xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
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<struts>
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<include file="struts-default.xml"/>
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<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
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<action name="add"
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class="edisundong.AddAction" >
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<result>add.jspresult>
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action>
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package>
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struts>
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如果提交请求的是add.action,那么找到的Action类就是edisundong.AddAction。
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ActionProxy创建一个ActionInvocation的实例,同时ActionInvocation通过代理模式调用Action。但在调用之前ActionInvocation会根据配置加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。(Interceptor是struts2另一个核心级的概念)
下面我们来看看ActionInvocation是如何工作的:
ActionInvocation 是Xworks 中Action 调度的核心。而对Interceptor 的调度,也正是由ActionInvocation负责。ActionInvocation 是一个接口, 而DefaultActionInvocation 则是Webwork 对ActionInvocation的默认实现。
Interceptor 的调度流程大致如下:
1. ActionInvocation初始化时,根据配置,加载Action相关的所有Interceptor。
2. 通过ActionInvocation.invoke方法调用Action实现时,执行Interceptor。
Interceptor将很多功能从我们的Action中独立出来,大量减少了我们Action的代码,独立出来的行为具有很好的重用性。XWork、WebWork的许多功能都是有Interceptor实现,可以在配置文件中组装Action用到的Interceptor,它会按照你指定的顺序,在Action执行前后运行。
那么什么是拦截器。
拦截器就是AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)的一种实现。(AOP是指用于在某个方法或字段被访问之前,进行拦截然后在之前或之后加入某些操作。)
拦截器的例子这里就不展开了。
struts-default.xml文件摘取的内容:
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< interceptor name ="alias" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="autowiring" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="chain" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="conversionError" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="createSession" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="debugging" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="external-ref" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExternalReferencesInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="execAndWait" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="exception" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="fileUpload" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="i18n" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="logger" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="scoped-model-driven" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="prepare" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="static-params" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="scope" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="servlet-config" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="sessionAutowiring" class ="org.apache.struts2.spring.interceptor.SessionContextAutowiringInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="timer" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="token" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="token-session" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="validation" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="workflow" class ="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="store" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="checkbox" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
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< interceptor name ="profiling" class ="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
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一旦Action执行完毕,ActionInvocation负责根据struts.xml中的配置找到对应的返回结果。如上文中将结构返回“add.jsp”,但大部分时候都是返回另外一个action,那么流程又得走一遍………
总结:
Struts2的工作流就只有这7步,比起Struts1简单了很多(本人能力有限,struts2更多的东西现在还看不明白)。网上有很多很多的关于.net和java的比较之类的文章,可是有几个作者是真正用过java和.net的呢?更多的评论都是人云亦云,想当然的评论java和.net。作为技术人千万不要屁股决定脑袋,关于web的设计模式上.net也不是那么一无是处,java也不是那么完美无缺。下一篇分析下ASP.NET的设计模式(生命周期)。
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:https://blog.itpub.net/29754888/viewspace-1220268/
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