Maven依赖范围
compile 编译依赖范围.Maven默认的依赖范围.编译,测试,运行均需要
test 仅仅针对测试的classpath有效.比如JUnit.
provided编译,测试有效.但在运行时无效.比如 servlet-api.jar.他运行时由中间件提供.
runtime 运行时依赖范围.针对测试和运行classpath有效,但是在编译主代码时无效.比如JDBC驱动实现.
system 系统依赖范围.指定本地路径.

依赖排除

<dependency>
<groupId>com.gc.user</groupId>
<artifactId>user-core</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

依赖归类

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spring.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spring.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spring.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.spring.framework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-mock</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<spring.version>2.5</spring.version>
</properties>

依赖优化
mvn dependency:list

mvn dependency:tree

mvn dependency:analyze(查看声明但是未使用的依赖)

常用插件

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.12.4</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
<testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<attach>true</attach>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-resources</id>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-resources</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/classes</outputDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>jdbc.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>

Maven内置变量
${basedir} 项目根目录
${project.build.directory} 构建目录，缺省为target
${project.build.outputDirectory} 构建过程输出目录，缺省为target/classes
${project.build.finalName} 产出物名称，缺省为${project.artifactId}-${project.version}
${project.packaging} 打包类型，缺省为jar
${project.xxx} 当前pom文件的任意节点的内容

聚合继承
主要消除各个模块间重复的引用
父类

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.juvenxu.sample</groupId>
<artifactId>sample-dependency-infrastructure</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactid>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.8.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactid>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>

子类继承

<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.juvenxu.sample</groupId>
<artifactid>sample-dependency-infrastructure</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactid>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactid>log4j</artifactId>
</dependency>

参考:
http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2011/01/xxb-maven-3-pom-refactoring

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