解决思路，把损坏的文件设置为离线。

执行：
alter database datafile 5 offline;
提示无法执行。

文档摘录：
ONLINE Specify ONLINE to bring the data file online.

OFFLINE Specify OFFLINE to take the data file offline. If the database is open, then you must perform. media recovery on the data file before bringing it back online, because a checkpoint is not performed on the data file before it is taken offline.

FOR DROP If the database is in NOARCHIVELOG mode, then you must specify FOR DROP clause to take a data file offline. However, this clause does not remove the data file from the database. To do that, you must use an operating system command or drop the tablespace in which the data file resides. Until you do so, the data file remains in the data dictionary with the status RECOVER or OFFLINE.

执行如下语句：
startup mount;
alter database datafile 5 offline drop;
alter database open;

数据成功启动

ITPub博客

非归档模式下数据文件介质损坏，数据无法启动

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