MySQL的启动和停止（5.6.21）

MySQL的启动方式有四种，分别是直接启动mysqld服务，mysql_safe启动方法，直接启动mysql.server服务（/opt/mysql/support-file/),还有就是mysql_multi，下面对这四种分别详细说明

1.mysqld

mysqld is mysql server
mysqld reads options from the [mysqld] and [server] groups
we can invoke mysqld manually .this is usually not done except for debugging purposes.if you invoke the server this way.error messages go the terminal by default rather than to the error log

不知道是5.6.21的版本的问题还是什么原因，在用mysqld启动的时候要把
--defaults-file=../my.cnf
--basedir=/opt/mysql
--datadir=/opt/mysql/data
--plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
--user=mysql --log-error=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.err
--pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid
--socket=/opt/mysql/mysql.sock
--port=3306这些参数全部指定，如果每次在命令中中指定这些参数难免显得非常麻烦，所以我就把这些参数全部写在mysql的配置文件my.cnf中的[mysqld]下面。
connect

start

./opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql

connect

mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock (用socket的方式进行连接)

2.mysqld_safe

mysqld_safe reads all options from the [mysqld],[server] and [mysqld_safe] sections in option file .for backward compatibility.it also reads [safe_mysqld] sections.although you should rename such sections to [mysqld_safe] in MYSQL 5.1 installations
mysqld_safe is a shell scripts that invokes mysqld.the scripts sets up the error log .and then launches mysqld and monitors it.if msqld terminates abnormally.mysqld_safe restarts it

connection

start

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql

connect

mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

3.mysql.server

MYSQL distributions on unix include a script named mysql.server.it can be used on system such as linux and solaris that use system V-style run directories to start and stop system services.it is also used by the Mac OS X startup Item for mysql
$MYSQL_BASE/support-files/mysql.server
mysql.server reads options from the [mysql.server] and [mysqld] sections of option files for backward compatibility,it also reads [mysql_server] sections.although you should rename such sections to [mysql.server] when using mysql 5.1
a shell script that invokes mysqld_safe

connection

start

          cd /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
             也可封装成系统服务：
                  cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
                  chkconfig --add mysql
                  chkconfig mysql on
                  service mysql start

connect

mysql --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

4.mysqld_multi

mysqld_multi is designed to manage serveral processes that listen for connections on different unix socket and TCP/IP ports. it can start or stop servers,or reprot their current status .the mysql instance manager is an alternative of managing multiple servers

how to config

makdir $basedir/data2
mysql_install_db --basedir=$basedir --datadir=/basedir/data2 --user=mysql
vi /opt/mysql/my.cnf

          [mysqld_multi]
          mysqld =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
          mysqladmin =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
          user=test
          password=test

          [mysqld3306]
              .
              .
              .
          [mysqld3307]
              .
              .
              .

mysqld_multil --default-file=/opt/mysql/my.cnf start 3306
mysql -uroot -p 3306 --protocol=tcp
mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
grant shutdown on *.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by 'test'
mysqld_multil --defaults-file=/opt/mysql/cm.cnf stop 3306

下面是一个有三个server的机器上的my.cnf文件：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin =/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user=test
password=test
[mysqld3306]
port = 3306
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data
plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid
log-error=/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.err
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
[mysqld3307]
port = 3307
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql3307.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data2
plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
pid-file=/opt/mysql/data2/mysql1.pid
log-error=/opt/mysql/data2/mysql1.err
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
[mysqld3308]
port = 3308
socket = /opt/mysql/mysql3308.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql
datadir = /opt/mysql/data3
plugin-dir=/opt/mysql/lib/plugin
pid-file=/opt/mysql/data3/mysql1.pid
log-error=/opt/mysql/data3/mysql1.err
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
[client]
prot =3306
socket =/opt/mysql/mysql.sock

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mysql的启动和停止（5.6.21）

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