主从复制之一主一从
master配置
开启binlog日志
[mysqld]
servier-id= #2个服务器之间不能一样
log-bin = /data/3306/data/ray-bin.log #添加log-bin参数，指定binlog日志的名称和路径
确认binlog日志是否打开
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建同步使用的用户。不建议使用root，权限较大
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.59 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
备份主库
[root@ray ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/soket/mysql.sock -B --flush-privileges --single-transaction --master-data=1 --flush-logs --routines --triggers --events --hex-blob --all-databases > /data/3306/mysql_backup_20151125.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
slave配置
修改从库参数，指定中继日志位置：
[root@ray data]# vi 3307/my.cnf
[mysqld]
relay_log = /data/3307/data/relay-bin.log
mysql> show global variables like 'relay%';
+---------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------+
| relay_log | /data/3307/data/relay-bin.log |
| relay_log_basename | /data/3307/data/relay-bin |
| relay_log_index | /data/3307/data/relay-bin.index |
| relay_log_info_file | relay-log.info |
| relay_log_info_repository | FILE |
| relay_log_purge | ON |
| relay_log_recovery | OFF |
| relay_log_space_limit | 0 |
+---------------------------+---------------------------------+
恢复备库
[root@ray ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/soket/mysql.sock < /data/3306/mysql_backup_20151125.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
change master to master_host='192.168.56.91', master_port=3306, master_user='rep', master_password='123456', master_log_file='ray-bin.000007', master_log_pos=120;
执行
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.56.91', master_port=3306, master_user='rep', master_password='123456', master_log_file='ray-bin.000007', master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.91
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: ray-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: ray-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 281
Relay_Master_Log_File: ray-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 805
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: 840f94e0-8ea0-11e5-af92-080027a94012
Master_Info_File: /data/3307/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
级联配置
在从1库开启
log-bin = ******
log-slave-updates
读写分离思路
1 在my.cnf里指定数据库read only,super权限不被限定
[mysqld]
read-only
2 根据参数指定忽略库，或者表
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema
主从复制重要参数
master
--binlog-do-db #二进制日志记录的数据库，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
--binlog-ignore-db #二进制日志忽略的数据库，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
slave
--replicate-do-db #指定需要复制的数据库，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
--replicate-ignore-db #指定忽略复制的数据库，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
--replicate-do-table #指定需要复制的表，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
--replicate-ignore-table #指定忽略复制的表，多个数据库用逗号(,)分隔
--replicate-wild-do-table #类似--replicate-do-table，但可是使用通配符
--replicate-wild-ignore-table #类似--replicate-ignore-table ，但可是使用通配符
错误解决
stop slave;
set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;
start slave;
指定参数文件忽略错误
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,1007
主从切换
从变主：
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| 1 | root | localhost | ray2 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
| 2 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 329 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL |
| 3 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 35 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL |
stop slave;
reset master;
删除master.info relay-log.info
rm -rf master.info relay-log.info
确认授权用户
修改参数文件
关闭read-only,relay-log,log-slave-updates
开启bin-log,
其他从：
stop slave;
change master to master_host='';
start slave;
show slave status\G
为了复制的安全性，可以考虑在从服务器设置：
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/28572479/viewspace-2138723/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
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