http://blog.51yip.com/linux/1462.html
https://www.centos.bz/2013/07/expect-spawn-linux-expect-usage/
expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容，Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及 什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。
shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.
一,安装expect
- yum install expect
其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.
二,实例
1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #!/usr/bin/expect -f
- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一个参数,并设置IP
- set password [lindex $argv 1 ] //接收第二个参数,并设置密码
- set timeout 10 //设置超时时间
- spawn ssh root@$ip //发送ssh请滶
- expect { //返回信息匹配
- \"*yes/no\" { send \"yes\\r\"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续
- \"*password:\" { send \"$password\\r\" } //出现密码提示,发送密码
- }
- interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin
- spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
- Last login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142
- [root@linux ~]#
这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子
点击(此处)折叠或打开
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#!/usr/bin/expect -f
-
set ip 192.168.1.130
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set password admin
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set timeout 10
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spawn ssh root@$ip
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expect {
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\"*yes/no\" { send \"yes\\r\"; exp_continue}
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\"*password:\" { send \"$password\\r\" }
-
}
- interact
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./web.exp
- spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
- Last login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142
- [root@linux ~]#
2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出
点击(此处)折叠或打开
-
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
-
set ip 192.168.1.130
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set password admin
-
set timeout 10
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spawn ssh root@$ip
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expect {
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\"*yes/no\" { send \"yes\\r\"; exp_continue}
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\"*password:\" { send \"$password\\r\" }
-
}
-
expect \"#*\"
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send \"pwd\\r\"
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send \"exit\\r\"
- expect eof
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test3.exp
- spawn ssh root@192.168.1.130
- root@192.168.1.130's password:
- Last login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90
- [root@localhost ~]# pwd
- /root
- [root@localhost ~]# exit
- logout
- Connection to 192.168.1.130 closed.
3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件
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- set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]
- set dir [lindex $argv 1 ]
- set file [lindex $argv 2 ]
- set timeout 10
- spawn ftp $ip
- expect \"Name*\"
- send \"zwh\\r\"
- expect \"Password:*\"
- send \"zwh\\r\"
- expect \"ftp>*\"
- send \"lcd $dir\\r\"
- expect {
- \"*file\" { send_user \"local $_dir No such file or directory\";send \"quit\\r\" }
- \"*now*\" { send \"get $dir/$file $dir/$file\\r\"}
- }
- expect {
- \"*Failed\" { send_user \"remote $file No such file\";send \"quit\\r\" }
- \"*OK\" { send_user \"$file has been download\\r\";send \"quit\\r\"}
- }
- expect eof
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# ./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html
- spawn ftp 192.168.1.130
- Connected to 192.168.1.130.
- 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)
- Name (192.168.1.130:root): zwh
- 331 Please specify the password.
- Password:
- 230 Login successful.
- Remote system type is UNIX.
- Using binary mode to transfer files.
- ftp> lcd /var/www/www
- Local directory now /var/www/www
- ftp> get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html
- local: /var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html
- 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
- 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes).
- 226 File send OK.
- 66 bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s)
- quit aaa.html has been download
- 221 Goodbye.
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