Use the SET clause of the ALTER SYSTEM statement to set or change initialization parameter values. The optional SCOPE clause specifies the scope of a change as described in the following table:

SCOPE Clause	Description
SCOPE = SPFILE	The change is applied in the server parameter file only. The effect is as follows: For dynamic parameters, the change is effective at the next startup and is persistent. For static parameters, the behavior. is the same as for dynamic parameters. This is the only SCOPE specification allowed for static parameters.
SCOPE = MEMORY	The change is applied in memory only. The effect is as follows: For dynamic parameters, the effect is immediate, but it is not persistent because the server parameter file is not updated. For static parameters, this specification is not allowed.
SCOPE = BOTH	The change is applied in both the server parameter file and memory. The effect is as follows: For dynamic parameters, the effect is immediate and persistent. For static parameters, this specification is not allowed.

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Oracle修改初始化参数（initialization parameter）scope的选项

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