fdisk 磁盘设备查看分区信息

fdisk m 查看操作指令的帮助信息

p 列表查看分区信息

n 新建分区

d 删除分区

t 变更分区类型

w 保存分区设置并退出

q 放弃分区设置并退出

---=============================================

(1)fdisk只能建立3个主分区和一个扩展分区.

[root@weblogic dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m --->列出所有帮助

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n --->输入n新建分区

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p --->输入p建立主分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 --->输入分区编号1，最多为4个编号

First cylinder (1-261, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): +1000M

Command (m for help): p -->输入p，列出分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e --->输入e，简历扩展分区

Partition number (1-4): 1 --->其中不能输入1了，因为已经重复了

Partition 1 is already defined. Delete it before re-adding it.

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e --->输入e，简历扩展分区

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (124-261, default 124):

Using default value 124

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-261, default 261): +600M

Command (m for help): p -->输入p，列出分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 124 197 594405 5 Extended

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (124-197, default 124):

Using default value 124

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-197, default 197): +400M

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 124 197 594405 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 124 173 401593+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (174-197, default 174):

Using default value 174

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (174-197, default 197):

Using default value 197

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 124 197 594405 5 Extended

/dev/sdb5 124 173 401593+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb6 174 197 192748+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3 --->建立最后一个分区3

First cylinder (198-261, default 198):

Using default value 198

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (198-261, default 261):

Using default value 261

Command (m for help): p -->输入p，列出分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 123 987966 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 124 197 594405 5 Extended

/dev/sdb3 198 261 514080 83 Linux

/dev/sdb5 124 173 401593+ 83 Linux

/dev/sdb6 174 197 192748+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w --->w保存退出

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

---=====================================================

(3)格式化分区

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb5

---=====================================================

(4)为swap增加空间

[root@weblogic ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb5 --->格式化交换分区

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 411226 kB

[root@weblogic ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1470 393 1076 0 33 272

-/+ buffers/cache: 87 1382

Swap: 2000 0 2000

[root@weblogic ~]# swapon /dev/sdb5 --->启用交换分区

[root@weblogic ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1470 393 1076 0 33 272

-/+ buffers/cache: 87 1382

Swap: 2392 0 2392

[root@weblogic ~]# swapoff /dev/sdb5 --->停用交换分区

[root@weblogic ~]# free -m

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1470 393 1076 0 33 272

-/+ buffers/cache: 87 1382

Swap: 2000 0 2000

---===================================================

(5)挂载，卸载文件系统

mount [-t] 存储设备挂载点目录

mount -o loop iso镜像文件挂载点目录

unmount

mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /disk1

mount /dev/sdb5 /disk2

mount 显示所有mount的目录

光盘的挂载:

mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom & mount /dev/cdrom /disk4

镜像文件的挂载：

mount -o loop 镜像 /disk5

---======================================================

(6)配置文件系统自动挂载

系统挂载配置文件主要读取 /etc/fstab,

倒数第二列，表示是否需要转储，0表示不需要。倒数第一列，表示是否要检测，0表示不需要。

[root@weblogic ~]# more /etc/fstab

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1

LABEL=/u01 /u01 ext3 defaults 1 2

LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /disk1 ext3 defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb3 /disk2 ext3 defaults 0 0

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