一般设计到oracle数据库的应用一般都是大型企业公司，所以视环境而定本文作者小高新新入门望可探讨谢谢准备环境：1、系统需求硬件环境：内存  ≥1G  SWAP<2G:物理内存的1~2倍   2G~16G与物理内存相同  DISK   8G  TMP   ≥1G软件环境软件包   yum install elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ libaio-devel sysstatunixODBC unixODBC-devel compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 -y用户环境  groupadd oinstall&&groupadd dba&&useradd -goinstall -G dba oraclepasswd oraclemkdir /opt/oracle&&chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/&&chmod -R 775/opt  [root@dbserver ~]# vim ~oracle/.bash_profile……ORACLE_BASE=/optORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleORACLE_OWNER=oracleORACLE_TERM=xtermORACLE_SID=orclPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/binexport ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_SID PATH内核要求  vim /etc/sysctl.conffs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586会话要求  vi /etc/pam.d/login   session    required    pam_limits.so  vi /etc/security/limits.conf   oracle          soft    nproc   8192oracle           hard   nproc   16384oracle           soft   nofile  32768oracle           hard   nofile  65536重启谨记以新建的oracle用户登录安装即可oracle配置启动、停止Oracle数据库  vim .bash_profileORACLE_BASE=/optORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleORACLE_OWNER=oracleORACLE_TERM=xtermORACLE_SID=orclPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/binexport ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_OWNER ORACLE_TERM ORACLE_SID PATH  vim /etc/oratab   orcl:/opt/oracle:Y运行dbstart时启动数据库实例  lsnrctl status   lsnrctl start   lsnrctl stop  emctl start/stop/status dbconsole  dbstart/dbshut   vim /opt/oracle/bin/dbstart    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME   vim /opt/oracle/bin/dbshut    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1    ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME控制脚本#!/bin/bash# chkconfig: 35 88 99# description: Oracle Database Service Daemon.ORACLE_BASE="/opt"ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracleORACLE_OWNER=oraclecase "$1" in  start)    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctlstart"         #//启用监听器    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart$ORACLE_HOME"  #//启用数据库    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl startdbconsole" #//启用OEM    ;;  stop)    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stopdbconsole" #//停止OEM    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut$ORACLE_HOME"   #//停止数据库    su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"         #//停止监听器    ;;  status)    if(pgrep "tnslsnr" && netstat -anpt | grep":1521") &> /dev/null    then        echo "Oracle 11g Net Listener isrunning."    else        echo "Oracle 11g Net Listener is notrunning."    fi    if(netstat -anpt | grep ":1158" && netstat-anpt | grep ":5520") &> /dev/null    then        echo "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manageris running."    else        echo "Oracle 11g Enterprise Manageris not running."    fi    ;;  restart)    $0 stop    $0 start    ;;  *)    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"    exit 1    ;;esacexit 0历史命令  yum install readline readline-devel -y  tar zxvf rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz   ./configure&&make&&make install  vim /home/oracle/.bashrc   alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'alias rman='rlwrap rman'登录及退出  sqlplus /nolog   conn /as sysdba  exit启动、关闭数据库   startup   shutdown immediate;用户操作  create user wcg identified by "123456";   grant connect,resource to wcg;   select * from session_privs;  select * from all_users where username='WCG'   alter user wcg identified by 654321;  drop user wcg cascade;  sysdba   select username,password from dba_users;   sys     alter user sys identified by manager;   system     alter user system identified by manager;创建/删除  netca   dbca  create table stu01(name char(16) not null primary key,passwordchar(16) not null );  select table_name from all_tables where table_name='STU01';  insert into stu01 values('wcg','123456');  desc stu01  drop table stu01;显示结构  select * from v$instance;  select table_name from all_tables;  desc table-name数据记录的插入与维护  insert into stu01 values('wcg','123456');  DELETE FROM STU01 WHERE NAME='WCG';  UPDATE STU01 SET PASSWORD='000000' WHERE NAME='LY';  SELECT * FROM STU01;维护数据库环境准备   mkdir /opt/bakup    chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/bakup   CREATE DIRECTORY dmpdir AS '/opt/bakup';   GRANT all ON DIRECTORY dmpdir TO wcg;备份   expdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmp还原   impdp wcg/123456 DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=wcg-20121010.dmpREUSE_DATAFILES=Y TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE