■Keyword：

audit login logon logoff audit session

■正文：

可以使用数据库的审计功能，监视数据库用户的登录和注销信息。

具体为通过使用audit session 命令，无论连接是否成功都会被审计。

    例：

    SQL> audit session;

通过使用audit session whenever successful 命令，成功的连接会被审计。

    例：

    SQL> audit session whenever successful;

通过使用audit session whenever successful 命令，失败的连接会被审计。

    例：

    SQL> audit session whenever not successful;

取消审计

    例：

    SQL> noaudit session;

可以通过dba_priv_audit_opts视图查看设定的审计。

    例：

    SQL> select * from sys.dba_priv_audit_opts;

可以通过DBA_AUDIT_SESSION视图查看审计结果。

    例：

    SQL> select * from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

■执行例：

    SQL> conn / as sysdba

    Connected.

    SQL> show parameter audit

    NAME                          TYPE        VALUE

    ----------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------

    audit_file_dest               string      app/12.2.0.1/oracle/admin/orcl12201/adump

    audit_sys_operations          boolean     TRUE

    audit_syslog_level            string

    audit_trail                   string      DB

    unified_audit_sga_queue_size  integer     1048576

    SQL> select * from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

    no rows selected

    SQL> audit session;

    Audit succeeded.

    SQL> conn a/a;

    ERROR:

    ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

    Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

    SQL> conn / as sysdba

    Connected.

    SQL> select OS_USERNAME,USERNAME,TIMESTAMP,LOGOFF_TIME,RETURNCODE from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

    OS_USERNAME          USERNAME             TIMESTAMP LOGOFF_TI RETURNCODE

    -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ----------

    oracle               A                    11-SEP-18                 1017

    SQL> noaudit session;

    Noaudit succeeded.

    SQL> select OS_USERNAME,USERNAME,TIMESTAMP,LOGOFF_TIME,RETURNCODE from DBA_AUDIT_SESSION;

    OS_USERNAME          USERNAME             TIMESTAMP LOGOFF_TI RETURNCODE

    -------------------- -------------------- --------- --------- ----------

    oracle               A                    11-SEP-18                 1017

    SQL>

参考：

    Home/Database/Oracle/Oracle Database/Release 18

    Database Reference

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/refrn/DBA_AUDIT_SESSION.html

    >4.116 DBA_AUDIT_SESSION

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/18/refrn/DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS.html

    >5.248 DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS