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首页 > Linux操作系统 > Linux操作系统 > 【专题1】3、配置并克隆Oracle Enterprise 5.7虚拟主机

【专题1】3、配置并克隆Oracle Enterprise 5.7虚拟主机

原创 Linux操作系统 作者：mibvg 时间：2013-07-28 08:06:11 0 删除 编辑
 
本篇共分为以下几个部分
  • 介绍Oracle Validated Configurations
  • 安装Oracle Validated Configurations
  • 配置虚拟机1操作系统
  • 克隆虚拟机，并配置虚拟机2

1.介绍Oracle Validated Configurations

        Oracle Validated Configurations致力于为企业提供更简易、更快捷、成本更低的基于Linux和Oracle VM的解决方案。该计划向我们提供经过测试和验证的体系架构，其附带的文档揭示了相关硬件、软件、存储、网络原件的最佳配置实践，以帮助系统提升性能和可收缩性并降低成本。从行业角度来说Oracle Validated Configurations所验证的配置及提供的最佳实践文档受到Oracle合作伙伴的接受和认可，Oracle Validated Configurations提供了推荐使用的软硬件组合的部署方案细节，这些方案已被证明是十分有益的。
        Oracle Validated Configurations提供了那些好处？
        Oracle Validated Configurations是对系统底层组件在高负载下良好工作的有力保证，同时这些推荐配置也在实践中被证明是易于快速部署的。其有助于：
  • 实现标准化的、具有可扩展性、高可用的且成本低廉的解决方案
  • 加速并简化在Linux上部署Oracle软件（自动选择需要的包，自动对kernel进行相关配置，创建oracle用户等）
  • 为最终用户降低了测试系统所要花费的昂贵成本
  • 转嫁了用户的风险
        那么Oracle Validated Configurations和最早推出的Oracle Product Certification有什么区别？
        传统的Oracle Product Certification在认证某个操作系统平台后，可以确认Oracle的相关产品完全支持该系统平台。而Oracle Validated Configurations则通过测试验证更进一步提供了完整的组件组合信息，这些信息包括针对软硬件、存储的版本、设置、补丁的推荐值，而这些推荐值来源于Oracle及其合作伙伴的Linux测试实验室中高压测试的经验。

2.安装Oracle Validated Configurations

        Oracle Enterprise Linux中提供了oracle-validated RPM软件包，通过使用OEL DVD介质上的该包我们可以更简单地部署安装Oracle产品所需要的软件包环境，特别是对于Oracle Database的安装来说有了以上特性后显得特别简单。
        通过安装DVD介质使用oracle-validate软件包的步骤如下:
1.创建介质装载目录/media/disk: mkdir /media/disk
2.插入OEL DVD光盘
3.装载目录:
[root@vrh1 ~]# mkdir /media/disk
[root@vrh1 ~]# mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /media/disk
4.创建yum源
[root@vrh1 ~]# touch /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo
[root@vrh1 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-el5.repo
[oel5]name = Enterprise Linux 5.5 DVD
baseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
5.正式安装oracle-validated软件包环境，使用yum install oracle-validated 命令:
[root@vrh1 ~]# yum install oracle-validated
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with ULN.
ULN support will be disabled.
oel5                                                     | 1.1 kB     00:00    
oel5/primary                                             | 1.4 MB     00:00    
oel5                                                                  3275/3275
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5 set to be updated
oel5/filelists                                           | 3.1 MB     00:00    
--> Processing Dependency: gdb for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34-c++ for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbc.so.1 for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34 for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6 for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libdb-4.2.so()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated
--> Processing Dependency: libodbc.so.1()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-db.x86_64 0:4.2.52-5.1 set to be updated
---> Package compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated
---> Package compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated
---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64 = 0.137-3.el5 for package: elfutils-libelf-devel
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated
---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.0.1-37.el5 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-65 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated
---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek set to be updated
---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5 set to be updated
---> Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated
---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
================================================================================
 Package                        Arch     Version                   Repository
                                                                           Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-validated               x86_64   1.1.0-14.el5              oel5    24 k
Installing for dependencies:
 compat-db                      x86_64   4.2.52-5.1                oel5   1.6 M
 compat-gcc-34                  x86_64   3.4.6-4.1                 oel5   4.3 M
 compat-gcc-34-c++              x86_64   3.4.6-4.1                 oel5    13 M
 elfutils-libelf-devel          x86_64   0.137-3.el5               oel5    24 k
 elfutils-libelf-devel-static   x86_64   0.137-3.el5               oel5    64 k
 gcc                            x86_64   4.1.2-51.el5              oel5   5.3 M
 gcc-c++                        x86_64   4.1.2-51.el5              oel5   3.8 M
 gdb                            x86_64   7.0.1-37.el5              oel5   2.4 M
 glibc-devel                    i386     2.5-65                    oel5   2.0 M
 glibc-devel                    x86_64   2.5-65                    oel5   2.4 M
 glibc-headers                  x86_64   2.5-65                    oel5   594 k
 kernel-uek-headers             x86_64   2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek    oel5   724 k
 libXp                          i386     1.0.0-8.1.el5             oel5    22 k
 libaio-devel                   i386     0.3.106-5                 oel5    12 k
 libaio-devel                   x86_64   0.3.106-5                 oel5    11 k
 libstdc++-devel                x86_64   4.1.2-51.el5              oel5   2.8 M
 sysstat                        x86_64   7.0.2-11.el5              oel5   187 k
 unixODBC                       i386     2.2.11-7.1                oel5   830 k
 unixODBC                       x86_64   2.2.11-7.1                oel5   835 k
 unixODBC-devel                 i386     2.2.11-7.1                oel5   743 k
 unixODBC-devel                 x86_64   2.2.11-7.1                oel5   799 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install      22 Package(s)
Upgrade       0 Package(s)
 
Total download size: 42 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           1.2 GB/s |  42 MB     00:00    
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing     : unixODBC                                                1/22
  Installing     : gdb                                                     2/22
  Installing     : compat-db                                               3/22
  Installing     : sysstat                                                 4/22
  Installing     : kernel-uek-headers                                      5/22
  Installing     : glibc-headers                                           6/22
  Installing     : glibc-devel                                             7/22
  Installing     : compat-gcc-34                                           8/22
  Installing     : libstdc++-devel                                         9/22
  Installing     : glibc-devel                                            10/22
  Installing     : unixODBC-devel                                         11/22
  Installing     : libaio-devel                                           12/22
  Installing     : libaio-devel                                           13/22
  Installing     : unixODBC                                               14/22
  Installing     : libXp                                                  15/22
  Installing     : gcc                                                    16/22
  Installing     : gcc-c++                                                17/22
  Installing     : compat-gcc-34-c++                                      18/22
  Installing     : unixODBC-devel                                         19/22
  Installing     : elfutils-libelf-devel                                  20/22
  Installing     : oracle-validated                                       21/22
  Installing     : elfutils-libelf-devel-static                           22/22
 
Installed:
  oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5                                       
 
Dependency Installed:
  compat-db.x86_64 0:4.2.52-5.1                                                
  compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1                                             
  compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1                                         
  elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5                                   
  elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5                            
  gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5                                                    
  gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5                                                
  gdb.x86_64 0:7.0.1-37.el5                                                    
  glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-65                                                    
  glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-65                                                  
  glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-65                                                
  kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek                           
  libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5                                                   
  libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5                                                
  libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5                                              
  libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5                                        
  sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5                                                
  unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1                                                   
  unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1                                                 
  unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1                                             
  unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1                                           
 
Complete!
完成对oracle-validated的安装后操作系统软件包环境也就水道渠成了，此外该oracle-validated包还会帮助我们设置必要的Linux内核参数，具体来说它会修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件中的参数到Oracle推荐的值，以下为完成oracle-validated安装后的sysctl.conf，供参考:
[root@vrh1 ~]# cat /etc/sys
sysconfig/             sysctl.conf.orabackup 
sysctl.conf            syslog.conf           
[root@vrh1 ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Oracle Enterprise Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
 
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
 
# Controls source route verification
# See /usr/share/doc/kernel-doc-*/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
 
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
 
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
 
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
 
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
 
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
 
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
 
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
 
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
 
# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for fs.file-max is 6815744
# For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# fs.file-max = 327679
fs.file-max = 6815744
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878
kernel.msgmni = 2878
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmax is 8192
kernel.msgmax = 8192
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142'
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
kernel.shmmni = 4096
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1
kernel.sysrq = 1
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
 
# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
 
# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p
# net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728
fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728
 
# For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
# For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p
# net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killer
vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200
oracle-validated包还会帮助我们修改/etc/security/limits.conf配置以获得合理的shell limit:
[root@vrh1 ~]# ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 15977
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 1024
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 15977
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited
[root@vrh1 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form.:
#            
#Where:
# can be:
#        - an user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
# can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
# can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open files
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#                 
 
#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
# End of file
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072
oracle   soft   nofile    131072
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072
oracle   hard   nofile    131072
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072
oracle   soft   nproc    131072
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072
oracle   hard   nproc    131072
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimited
oracle   soft   core    unlimited
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimited
oracle   hard   core    unlimited
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000
oracle   soft   memlock    50000000
 
# Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000
oracle   hard   memlock    50000000

3.配置Oracle Enterprise Linux

1.创建安装目录（最佳实践）
[root@vrh1 ~]# mkdir /s01
[root@vrh1 ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /s01/
2.修改oracle用户密码
oracle-validated帮助我们创建了oracle用户和oinstall组，我们需要对其进行修改密码
[root@vrh1 ~]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
[root@vrh1 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3.修改主机名和配置对应的DNS
[root@vrh1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               vrh1.oracle.com vrh1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
以上默认配置127.0.0.1是不标准的，需要修改为以下格式
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
 
192.168.1.101   vrh1   vrh1.oracle.com
192.168.1.102   vrh1-vip
 
192.168.1.103   vrh2   vrh2.oracle.com
192.168.1.104   vrh2-vip
 
172.168.1.201   vrh1-priv
172.168.1.202   vrh2-priv
连通性测试
[root@vrh1 ~]# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:C6:B1:91 
          inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:3735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:4319 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:367951 (359.3 KiB)  TX bytes:779549 (761.2 KiB)
 
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:E3:B0:28 
          inet addr:172.168.1.201  Bcast:172.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:2537 (2.4 KiB)
 
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1402 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1402 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:3388768 (3.2 MiB)  TX bytes:3388768 (3.2 MiB)
[root@vrh1 ~]# ping vrh1
PING vrh1 (192.168.1.101) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from vrh1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
64 bytes from vrh1 (192.168.1.101): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
[root@vrh1 ~]# ping vrh1-priv
PING vrh1-priv (172.168.1.201) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from vrh1-priv (172.168.1.201): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms
64 bytes from vrh1-priv (172.168.1.201): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.369 ms
这样第一台虚拟机就配置好了，下面我们将克隆该虚拟机。
[root@vrh1 ~]# init 0

4.克隆虚拟机，并配置虚拟机主机2

记得要重新初始化MAC地址

完全克隆

复制完成后可以检查下物理硬件配置（网卡、cpu、内存）与虚拟机1的配置是一样的，接下来我们需要对虚拟机2进行修改主机名和网卡的使用
取消掉设备中的ISO 镜像

重启系统

删除掉系统中bak的网卡，并激活没有bak的网卡

修改网卡IP地址


修改主机名


#service network restart
网络测试
[root@vrh2 ~]# ping vrh2
PING vrh2 (192.168.1.103) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from vrh2 (192.168.1.103): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.046 ms
64 bytes from vrh2 (192.168.1.103): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
^C
--- vrh2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.046/0.049/0.053/0.007 ms
[root@vrh2 ~]# ping vrh2-priv
PING vrh2-priv (172.168.1.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from vrh2-priv (172.168.1.202): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from vrh2-priv (172.168.1.202): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
^C
--- vrh2-priv ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.050/0.051/0.053/0.007 ms
修改启动模式为文本模式
[root@vrh2 ~]# vi /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
 
这样就完成本节的学习了。关闭虚拟机2
[root@vrh2 ~ ] # init 0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：https://blog.itpub.net/15693674/viewspace-767285/ ，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

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