转载:http://blog.csdn.net/oraclebs/archive/2008/10/30/3186419.aspx
当数量降到预定的再订购点时,可以使用再订购点计划来订购数量。在理想情况下,最好在库存水平降到安全区之前进行再订购。在再订购点之间安全库存通常起到缓冲作用,可根据该库存补充订单。在提前期结束时,现有量应该等于安全库存。
再订购点计划的基本功能是:根据预测需求和不可见的销售订单,预测物料提前期结束时的库存水平。然后,根据此预测来确定是否已达到再订购点。系统通过将提前期内的预期需求与安全库存相加,计算得出再订购点。
可以针对整个组织执行再订购点计划。可以对独立需求的物料使用再订购点计划。如果对某物料(或材料)的需求独立于对其它物料(或材料)的需求,则该物料就是独立需求的物料。在定义物料时,可以将再订购点计划指定为库存计划方法。只有在需求和提前期都是稳定的时,才能使用再订购点计划.
再订购点 = 安全库存 + 提前期的预测需求
“再订购点计划”程序使用预测信息来计算经济订单数量 (EOQ) 和再订购点数量。以下等式分别用于计算这两个值:
• EOQ = SQRT {[2 ×(年度需求)×(订单成本)] /(年度存储成本)}
• 再订购点 = 安全库存 + [(提前期)×(平均需求)]
使用再订购点计划
• 可以为整个组织执行再订购点计划。
• 可以对独立需求的物料使用再订购点计划。
• 定义物料时,可以将再订购点计划指定为库存计划方法。
• 对于不需要进行非常严格的控制,且在库存中的存储成本不太昂贵的物料,可以使用再订购点计划。
• 使用安全库存之前,可以使用再订购点计划来确定何时订购一批新物料。
再订购点计划的步骤:
1. 输入物料计划属性
(N)Inventory->Items->Master Items
(T)General planning中的“Inventory Planning Method”设置为"Reorder Point".
(T)Lead Times中的Preprocessing, Processiong, Postprocessing中输入时间。
(订购提前期等于物料的加工提前期、预加工提前期和后加工提前期之和)
为了保证可以自动生成requisition,需要在(T)“Purchasing”中的list price输入数值。
2. 预测物料需求
(N)Inventory->Planning->Forecasts->Sets
(N)Inventory->Planning->Forecasts->Items
(N)Inventory->Planning->Forecasts->Entries
3. 定义安全库存
安全库存有如下两种
。静态安全库存,就是物料的安全库存维持不变
(N)Inventory>planning>safety stock手工设置安全库存数字。
。动态安全库存,物料的安全库存在不同的时间有变化。
(N)Inventory>Planning>Safety Stock Updates生成某些时间段的安全库存。
Specific inventory itm
item
User-defined percentage
Inv.Items
50%
。安全库存计划为“MRP百分比”时计算安全库存的算法(仅限于MRP计划和SCP计划使用):
自定义天数内的毛需求乘以MRP计划百分比除以安全库存时段天数;
对于离散制造项目自定义天数为自定义的安全库存时段天数;
对于重复制造项目自定义天数为重复计划的计划周期(计划参数中定义)
4. 运行在订购点报表
(N)Inventory>Planning>Reorder Point Planning
附:动态安全库存计算
动态安全库存:系统依所设定安全库存天数,累积这个天数的平均需求量,再乘安全库存百分比即安当天的安全库存
Safety Stock Bucket Days(天数)
Safety Stock Percent(安全库存百分比)
如果需求为
11/09 at 260
11/10 at 160
11/11 at 90
Bucket Days=3
Safety Stock Percent=20%(0.2)
(一)
则需求量 11/09 为:
(260+160+90)/3 * 0.2=34---(安全库存)
260 +34=294 ***
剩余库存:34
(二)
需求量 11/10 为:
(160+90)/3 * 0.2=16.6=17
160+17-34(之前剩余之安全库存)=143 ****
剩余库存:160-143=17
(三)
需求量 11/11 为:
(90/3) *0.2=6
90+6-17=79
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refer UG P453 for more detail information:
Reorder point planning uses demand forecasts to decide when to order a new quantity to avoid dipping into safety stock. Reorder point planning suggests a new order for an item when the available quantity-on-hand quantity plus planned receipts-drops below the item’s safety stock level plus forecast demand for the item during its replenishment lead time. The suggested order quantity is an economic order quantity that minimizes the total cost of ordering and carrying inventory. Oracle Inventory can automatically generate requisitions to inform. your purchasing department that a replenishment order is required to supply your organization.
Order lead time is the total of the item’s processing, preprocessing, and postprocessing lead times. If the forecast is correct and the order arrives on time, the inventory level should be right at the safety stock level at the time of receipt. In cases where the desired safety stock level changes during the order lead time, Oracle Inventory uses the largest safety stock quantity during the lead time. When an order is triggered, the economic order quantity is the size of the triggered order. Economic order quantity (EOQ) is a fixed order quantity calculated to minimize the combined costs of acquiring and carrying inventory. The formula for EOQ is:
The EOQ increases as demand increases, since the cost of carrying a larger order is smaller because the inventory is not carried as long. EOQ also increases when the cost of preparing an order increases. This is to avoid making too many orders and thus incurring this cost more often than necessary. On the other hand, the more it costs to carry inventory, the smaller the EOQ since it costs more to carry the excess inventory.
Oracle Inventory calculates annual demand as the current demand rate annualized by multiplying the current period demand forecast by the number of periods per year (12 or 13).
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