一: 删除非系统表空间的数据文件的恢复: (mount / open)
     1)  rm    user01.dbf
     2)  conn / as sysdba
         alter database datafile 4 offline;
     3)  rman>  run { allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                      restore datafile 4;
                      recover datafile 4;
                      sql " alter database datafile 4 online";
                     }
二: 删除回滚段的数据文件的恢复: (mount / open )
    1) sqlplus / as sysdba
       alter system checkpoint;
    2) rm  undotbs1.dbf
    3) sqlplus / as sysdba
       alter database datafile 2 off;
    4) rman > run {  allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                      restore datafile 2;
                      recover datafile 2;
                   }
    5) sqlplus / as sysdba
       recover datafile 2;
       sqlplus / as sysdba
       select status from v$datafile ;
       alter database datafile 2 online;
三: 删除系统表空间的数据文件的恢复: (mount)
   1)  rm  system01.dbf
   2)  sql>  select count(*) from dba_users; 结果会报错.
       sql>  shutdown immediate;结果会报错；
       sql>startup mount force;
      
   3)  rman>  run { allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                    restore datafile 1;
                    recover datafile 1;
                    sql " alter database open" ;
                   }
  
四： 删除联机重做日志文件的恢复： (mount)
   1) rm   redo*
   2) sql> alter system switch logfile;
      sql> alter system switch logfile;  会报错；
      sql> shutdown immediate ; 会报错；
      sql> startup mount force;
   3) rman>  run { allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                   restore database;
                   recover database;
                   sql " alter database open " ; }
      rman> recover database unitl logseq ***;
   4) sql> alter database open resetlogs;
五：删除控制文件的恢复： ( nomount)
    1) rm   control*
    2) sql> create tablespace test datafile '/u1/test.dbf' size 1m ; 会报错；
       sql> shutdown immediate; 会报错；
       sql> startup nomount force;
    3) rman catalog rman/rman@rman target /
       rman>  run { allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                    restore controlfile ;
                    recover databse ;
                    sql " alter database open resetlogs " ;
                   }
六：删除全部数据文件，控制文件和日志文件的恢复（灾难恢复）：(nomount)
   1) rm 所有的数据文件
   2) sql> startup nomount force;
   3) rman catalog rman/rman@rman target /
      rman> run { allocate channel c1 device type disk;
                   restore controlfile;
                   restore database;
                   sql " alter database mount ";
                   recover database;
                 }
      rman> recover database until logseq **;
      rman> alter database open resetlogs;