man fuser
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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)

NAME
fuser - identify users of files and devices

DESCRIPTION
The fuser utility displays the process IDs of the processes
that are using the files specified as arguments.

     Each process ID is followed by a letter code. These letter
     codes are interpreted as follows. If the process is using
     the file as

c Indicates that the process is using the file as its
current directory.

m Indicates that the process is using a file mapped
with mmap(2). See mmap(2) for details.

n Indicates that the process is holding a non-
blocking mandatory lock on the file.

o Indicates that the process is using the file as an
open file.

r Indicates that the process is using the file as its
root directory.

t Indicates that the process is using the file as its
text file.

y Indicates that the process is using the file as its
controlling terminal.

For block special devices with mounted file systems, all
processes using any file on that device are listed. For all

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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)

     types of files (text files, executables, directories, dev-
     ices, and so forth), only the processes using that file are
     reported.

     For all types of devices, fuser also displays any known ker-
     nel consumers that have the device open. Kernel consumers
     are displayed in one of the following formats:

     [module_name]
     [module_name,dev_path=path]
     [module_name,dev=(major,minor)]
     [module_name,dev=(major,minor),dev_path=path]

     If more than one group of files are specified, the options
     may be respecified for each additional group of files. A
     lone dash cancels the options currently in force.

     The process IDs are printed as a single line on the standard
     output, separated by spaces and terminated with a single new
     line. All other output is written on standard error.

Any user can run fuser, but only the superuser can terminate
another user's process.

OPTIONS
The following options are supported:

     -c       Reports on files that are mount points for file
              systems, and any files within that mounted file
              system.

     -d       Report device usage information for all minor nodes
              bound to the same device node as the specified
              minor node. This option does not report file usage
              for files within a mounted file system.

-f Prints a report for the named file, not for files
within a mounted file system.

     -k       Sends the SIGKILL signal to each process. Since
              this option spawns kills for each process, the kill
              messages may not show up immediately (see kill(2)).
              No signals will be sent to kernel file consumers.

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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)

-n Lists only processes with non-blocking mandatory
locks on a file.

     -s sig   Sends a signal to each process. The sig option
              argument   specifies one of the symbolic names
              defined in the header, or a decimal
              integer signal number. If sig is a symbolic name,
              it is recognized in a case-independent fashion,
              without the SIG prefix. The -k option is equivalent
              to -s KILL or -s 9. No signals will be sent to ker-
              nel file consumers.

-u Displays the user login name in parentheses follow-
ing the process ID.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Reporting on the Mount Point and Files

The following example reports on the mount point and files
within the mounted file system.

example% fuser -c /export/foo

Example 2: Restricting Output when Reporting on the Mount
Point and Files

     The following example reports on the mount point and files
     within the mounted file system, but the output is restricted
     to processes that hold non-blocking mandatory locks.

example% fuser -cn /export/foo

Example 3: Sending SIGTERM to Processes Holding a Non-
blocking Mandatory Lock

     The following command sends SIGTERM to any processes that
     hold    a    non-blocking    mandatory    lock    on    file
     /export/foo/my_file.

example% fuser -fn -s term /export/foo/my_file

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
     variables that affect the execution of fuser: LANG, LC_ALL
     LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.

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System Administration Commands fuser(1M)

ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:

     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Interface Stability         | Standard                    |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|

SEE ALSO
ps(1), mount(1M), kill(2), mmap(2), signal(3C), attri-
butes(5), environ(5), standards(5)

NOTES
     Because fuser works with a snapshot of the system image, it
     may miss processes that begin using a file while fuser is
     running. Also, processes reported as using a file may have
     stopped using it while fuser was running. These factors
     should discourage the use of the -k option.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: 21 Oct 2003 4

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