以上两个视图可以获取数据库的绝大部分信息。

database_properties包含了数据库的固定属性。
SQL> select property_name from database_properties;
 
PROPERTY_NAME
------------------------------
DICT.BASE
DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE
DEFAULT_PERMANENT_TABLESPACE
DBTIMEZONE
DEFAULT_TBS_TYPE
NO_USERID_VERIFIER_SALT
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET
GLOBAL_DB_NAME
EXPORT_VIEWS_VERSION
NLS_LANGUAGE
NLS_TERRITORY
NLS_CURRENCY
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS
NLS_CHARACTERSET
NLS_CALENDAR
NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE
NLS_SORT
NLS_TIME_FORMAT
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY
NLS_COMP
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION
WORKLOAD_CAPTURE_MODE

v$database包含了控制文件中的信息。
SQL> desc v$database;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 DBID                                               NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(9)
 CREATED                                            DATE
 RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                                  NUMBER
 RESETLOGS_TIME                                     DATE
 PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                            NUMBER
 PRIOR_RESETLOGS_TIME                               DATE
 LOG_MODE                                           VARCHAR2(12)
 CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 ARCHIVE_CHANGE#                                    NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_TYPE                                   VARCHAR2(7)
 CONTROLFILE_CREATED                                DATE
 CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#                              NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_CHANGE#                                NUMBER
 CONTROLFILE_TIME                                   DATE
 OPEN_RESETLOGS                                     VARCHAR2(11)
 VERSION_TIME                                       DATE
 OPEN_MODE                                          VARCHAR2(10)
 PROTECTION_MODE                                    VARCHAR2(20)
 PROTECTION_LEVEL                                   VARCHAR2(20)
 REMOTE_ARCHIVE                                     VARCHAR2(8)
 ACTIVATION#                                        NUMBER
 SWITCHOVER#                                        NUMBER
 DATABASE_ROLE                                      VARCHAR2(16)
 ARCHIVELOG_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 ARCHIVELOG_COMPRESSION                             VARCHAR2(8)
 SWITCHOVER_STATUS                                  VARCHAR2(20)
 DATAGUARD_BROKER                                   VARCHAR2(8)
 GUARD_STATUS                                       VARCHAR2(7)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN                          VARCHAR2(8)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK                           VARCHAR2(3)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI                           VARCHAR2(3)
 FORCE_LOGGING                                      VARCHAR2(3)
 PLATFORM_ID                                        NUMBER
 PLATFORM_NAME                                      VARCHAR2(101)
 RECOVERY_TARGET_INCARNATION#                       NUMBER
 LAST_OPEN_INCARNATION#                             NUMBER
 CURRENT_SCN                                        NUMBER
 FLASHBACK_ON                                       VARCHAR2(18)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_FK                           VARCHAR2(3)
 SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_ALL                          VARCHAR2(3)
 DB_UNIQUE_NAME                                     VARCHAR2(30)
 STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN                         NUMBER
 FS_FAILOVER_STATUS                                 VARCHAR2(21)
 FS_FAILOVER_CURRENT_TARGET                         VARCHAR2(30)
 FS_FAILOVER_THRESHOLD                              NUMBER
 FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_PRESENT                       VARCHAR2(7)
 FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_HOST                          VARCHAR2(512)