打算写一系列的文章介绍11g的新特性和变化。

Oracle11g在备份和恢复方面新增了很多的功能，无论是性能、功能性、安全性和可操作性方面都有了不同程度的提高。

这一篇介绍11g的block change tracking功能的增强。

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（一）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/412991

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（二）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414647

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（三）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414834

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（四）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/414941

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（五）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/416015

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（六）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/423531

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（七）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/426943

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（八）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/427877

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（九）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/429571

Oracle11新特性——备份恢复功能增强（十）：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/432720

11g增强了数据库的数据块变化跟踪功能使得物理STANDBY数据库也可以使用这个功能。

在10g中，虽然物理STANDBY数据库也可以设置ENABLE BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING，但是实际上并不起作用：

$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 27 16:41:50 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select database_role from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/data1/track.trc';

数据库已更改。

SQL> exit;从 Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options 断开
$ rman target /

恢复管理器: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 27 16:44:31 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已连接到目标数据库: TESTRAC (DBID=4291216984, 未打开)

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace gpo;

启动 backup 于 27-12月-07使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录忽略 DISK 通道 2 的配置分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1通道 ORA_DISK_1: sid=324 devtype=DISK通道 ORA_DISK_1: 启动增量级别 0 数据文件备份集通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集中的数据文件输入数据文件 fno=00015 name=/data1/oradata/testrac/gpo.367.624623443通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 27-12月-07通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 27-12月-07段句柄=/data1/0bj4lr29_1_1 标记=TAG20071227T164600 注释=NONE通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:01:15完成 backup 于 27-12月-07

启动 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 27-12月-07段 handle=/data/oracle/product/10.2/database/dbs/c-4291216984-20071227-02 comment=NONE完成 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 27-12月-07

RMAN> host;

$ sqlplus gpo/gpo@testrac

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 27 16:48:44 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select default_tablespace from user_users;

DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
------------------------------
GPO

SQL> create table t_test (id number);

表已创建。

SQL> conn sys/test@testrac as sysdba已连接。
SQL> alter system archive log current;

系统已更改。

SQL> exit从 Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options 断开
$ exit主机命令完成

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace gpo;

启动 backup 于 27-12月-07使用通道 ORA_DISK_1通道 ORA_DISK_1: 启动增量级别 1 数据文件备份集通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集中的数据文件输入数据文件 fno=00015 name=/data1/oradata/testrac/gpo.367.624623443通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 27-12月-07通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 27-12月-07段句柄=/data1/0ej4lrfr_1_1 标记=TAG20071227T165314 注释=NONE通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:02:35完成 backup 于 27-12月-07

启动 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 27-12月-07段 handle=/data/oracle/product/10.2/database/dbs/c-4291216984-20071227-03 comment=NONE完成 Control File and SPFILE Autobackup 于 27-12月-07

而在11g中，物理STANDBY可以正常的使用这个功能了：

[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 19 05:19:43 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select database_role from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/data1/track.trc';

Database altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 19 05:33:11 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4026820313, not open)

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace yangtk;

Starting backup at 19-DEC-07
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 19-DEC-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 19-DEC-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1aj3vgl5_1_1 tag=TAG20071219T053325 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:27
Finished backup at 19-DEC-07

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-DEC-07
piece handle=/data1/c-4026820313-20071219-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-DEC-07

RMAN>
RMAN> host;

[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ sqlplus "yangtk/yangtk@172.25.0.68/ora11g_p.ytk-thinkpad"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 19 05:52:38 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create table t_test3(id number);

Table created.

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@yangtk2 ~]$ exit
exit
host command complete

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace yangtk;

Starting backup at 19-DEC-07
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3d3kn7k4_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g/ORA11G_P/datafile/o1_mf_yangtk_3g73q02m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 19-DEC-07
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 19-DEC-07
piece handle=/data1/backup/1cj3vhr4_1_1 tag=TAG20071219T055340 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 19-DEC-07

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-DEC-07
piece handle=/data1/c-4026820313-20071219-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 19-DEC-07

无论是对比LEVEL 0备份时间和LEVEL 1备份时间，还是对比10g与11g，都可以看到，11g中BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING在STANDBY数据库中才真正起作用。