详情如下：
ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimitedscheduling priority (-e) 0
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 532479
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 32
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 532479
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited

cat /etc/security/limits.conf 如下：
* hard fsize -1
* soft fsize -1
* hard cpu -1
* soft cpu -1
* hard data -1
* soft data -1
* hard rss -1
* soft rss -1
* hard stack -1
* soft stack -1
* hard nofile 10000
* soft nofile 10000

处理方法如下：
在： /etc/pam.d/login添加最下面一行
session required pam_limits.so
如下：

#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth include system-auth
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session include system-auth
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session required pam_limits.so

如果通过ssh方式登录通过 ulimit -a仍然是1024，可以使用重启ssh服务
通过 service sshd restart方式就可以正常显示了
也可通通过修改：
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
# UsePAM no 修改为UsePAM yes 后再次修改为# UsePAM no 即可；

参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/marco_90/article/details/45147319

ITPub博客

ulimit -a最大打开文件数显示1024，但是/etc/security/limits.conf显示10000处理方法

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